非零

Furthermore, the first-order optimality condition and its equivalent reformulations for generalized semi-infinite max-min programming with a non-compact set are presented using the lower-Hadamard directional derivative and subdifferential.2. Chapter 3 studies the gradient-type methods for unconstrained optimization problems. Section 1 proposes a new class of three-term memory gradient methods. The global convergence property of the method is established. Furthermore, in order to improve the convergence property of the method, a new class of memory gradient projection methods is presented with the property that the whole sequence of iterates converges to a solution to the problem under the conditions such as pseudo-convexity and continuous differentiability of objective function. In section 2, two new classes of methods, called gradient-type method with perturbations and hybrid projection method with perturbations, are proposed. In these methods, non-monotone line search technique is employed, which makes them easily executed in computer.

第3章研究了无约束优化问题的梯度型算法，第1节提出了一类新的三项记忆梯度算法，讨论了算法的全局收敛性，进一步提出了一类新的具有更好收敛性质的记忆梯度投影算法，并证明了该算法在函数伪凸的情况下具有整体收敛性，第2节在非单调步长搜索下提出了带扰动项的梯度型算法及其混合投影算法，这两类算法的一个重要特征就是步长采用线搜索确定而不象许多文献中那样要求步长趋于零，这样更容易在计算机上实现，在较弱的条件下证明了这些算法的全局收敛性，数值算例表明了算法的有效性。

But in the complete degenerate case,the thermo-electric voltage decreases to zero,and in the complete non-degenerate case it isindependent of the statistical properties.

但是在粒子完全兼并的条件下，热电压趋于零；并且在完全非兼并条件下，热电压与统计参数g无关。

The positions at cavity mirror of ray which propagates back and forth in the CCP laser resonator are analyzed, it shows that the CCP resonator with three equal dihedral angle errors (three dihedral angle errors are not 0) is an unstable resonator.

对在腔内往返传输的光线在镜面上的位置进行了分析，结果表明：3个二面角误差相同且不为零的角锥棱镜构成的谐振腔为约束非稳腔。

Edge lines are extracted automatically from image, by acquiring points of extremum of first directional derivative vertical with edge line with Fourier transform in frequency domain.

同时，参考一阶方向导数的数值来排除一些非边缘点（一阶方向导数的数值为常数者，零也为常数）。

The main problem studied in this thesis are properties of positive solutions to a semi-linear parabolic system with non-local nonlinear sources and null Dirichlet boundary conditions.

中文摘要：本论文主要研究了具有非局部源的半线性抛物系统并附加Dirichlet零边值的解的性质，得到了系统古典解的渐近性分析：blow-up速率、blow-up集、边界层估计等问题。

The main problem studied in this thesis are properties of positive solutions to a semi-linear parabolic system with non-local nonlinear sources and null Dirichlet boundary conditions. We give the analysis about asymptotic property: blow-up rate, blow-up set and blow-up profiles.

本论文主要研究了具有非局部源的半线性抛物系统并附加Dirichlet零边值的解的性质，得到了系统古典解的渐近性分析：blow-up速率、blow-up集，边界层估计等问题。

As an auxiliary experiment, the variations in M〓ssbauer parameters and Doppler broadening lineshape parameter S of positron annihilation with annealing temperature have also been investigated.

作为辅助实验，我们还考查了近零磁致伸缩非晶态合金的Mossbauer参量和正电子湮没的Doppler展宽线型参数随退火温度的变化。

Non-sequential double ionization rate and the double ionization events that sum of two-electron momentum equals zero decrease.

时，非时序双电离率和两电子动量和为零的双电离事件数却减小。

The results show that non-sequential double ionization rate and the double ionization events that sum of two-electron momentum equals zero increase with the molecular internuclear distance increasing when the molecular internuclear distance is within 1.0a.u.

结果表明，分子核间距在1.0a.u。-6.0a.u。范围内时，非时序双电离率和两电子动量和为零的双电离事件数随着分子核间距的增大而增大。

For the plane wave of laser without pulse shape, we derive the express of electron trajectory by the relative Lorentz and energy equations. Note that the orbit of electron becomes a "fat-8" in the average rest frame. For the plane wave of Gaussian laser, we may know that, through relative Hamilton-Jacobi equation, electrons are accelerated in the front of pulse and decelerated backward. Whereas for the non-plane wave of Gaussian laser, we solve the Lorentz and energy equations by fourth order Runge-Kutta method.

对于无脉冲形状的激光平面波是从考虑了相对论效应的Lorentz方程和能量方程出发，得到了电子的运动轨迹方程表达式，在纵向平均速度参照系下该电子的轨迹呈现"8"字形；对于高斯型单色激光平面波是从相对论Hamilton-Jacobi方程出发，得到激光平面波在脉冲前沿加速电子而脉冲后沿减速电子，电子能量增益为零；而对于高斯型单色激光非平面波是从拉格朗日运动方程和能量方程出发，通过四阶Runge-Kutta法数值求解，得到电子在纵向有质动力、横向电场作用下加速电子，最后在强大的横向有质动力作用下从脉冲侧面散射出去，可以获得很大能量增益本文得到了相应的电子瞬时动量解析表达式。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。