非自愿的

At different points in this chapter we have made the classical theory to depend in succession on the assumption:(1)that the real wage is equal to the marginal disutility of the existing employment;(2)that there is no such thing as involuntary unemployment in the strict sense;(3)that supply creates its own demand in the sense that the aggregate demand price is equal to the aggregate supply price for all levels of output and employment.

高译：在本章以上的各个地方，我们指出：古典学派的理论依次取决于下列假设条件：(1)实际工资等于现行的就业量的边际负效用；(2)严格意义上的非自愿失业并不存在；(3)供给创造自己的需求，其意义为：在产量和就业的任何水平，总需求的价格都等于总供给价格。

Methods Volunteers of medical staff responsible for respiratory infection from 7 hospitals in Hubei province were enrolled. A self-report standard questionnaire was used to assess the general state of well-being and the frequency of airway infection during recent two years. Sera from the medical staffs and from the age-matched healthy subjects of nonmedical occupation were tested by ELISA for SCPIgG.

方法随机抽样湖北地区7所医院中经常接诊呼吸道感染患者自愿参加的健康医务人员，以问卷方式询问他们近2年发生呼吸道感染的机会；以ELISA法检测血清CP特异性免疫球蛋白G抗体，并与健康体检非医务成人SCPIgG抗体资料进行比较。

Fatty liver,gallstone,gallbladder polypi,renal stone and cystwere detected at higher rates.

从健康体检者中，筛选出1483例非单位组织的自愿就诊者，对其B超结果进行分析。

Therefore, this traditional morality can play its role in practical life on one hand, namely, the gains-pursuing and perceptual desire are kept on the right track; but on the other hand, it is characterized by "cheating strangers","heteronomy","non-purity", favors "talents' foresight" and has lost its intrinsic characters: rational consciousness, emotional willingness and saintliness.

道义论遮蔽下的功利主义道德传统，一方面使道义论的道德要求能够在现实生活中得到践履和发挥作用，另一方面使现实生活中的功利追求、感性欲望被控制在道义、理性的轨道上。但是，道义论遮蔽下的功利主义道德传统带有某种"欺生性"、"他律性"、"非纯洁性"的特点，成为"聪明人的远虑"，失去了道德固有的理性自觉、情感自愿的特质。

Of course,the basisfor international cooperation is still the power of a nation.Coordination of nationalinterests by IOs is only a kind of non-compulsory action based upon free will,and itcan only take effects within its limits.And that is the reason IOs play active roles ineconomic,social,and other"low politics"issues,while their roles are restricted inmilitary,security,and other"high politics"issues.

当然，国际合作的基础仍然是国家实力，国际组织中国家利益的协调基本上只是一种自愿基础上的非强制行为，只能在一定范围内发挥功效，这就是国际组织在那些未涉及到国家根本利益的经济、社会等&低级政治&问题上表现非常活跃，而在传统的政治、军事安全等&高级政治&问题上受到更多限制的根源。

Division this the problem of theorematic existence, be in not only " the effectiveness that freewill negotiation solves " on the problem, existing pattern of play chess of rich of a kind of static state, double head and blame cooperate with the confine; that rich weichis and, its " fixity " the misapplication that propositional place may bring about, and the serious and undesirable consequence that be reformed in the society and produces in market move process, need us to try to be on guard more.

科斯定理存在的问题，不仅在&自愿谈判解决的有效性&问题上，存在着一种静态、双头博弈格局和非协同博弈的局限；而且，其&不变性&命题所可能导致的误用，以及在社会改革和市场转移过程中所产生的严重不良后果，更是需要我们加以防范的。

However, the labor-developing history backgrounds in United Kingdom and Germany are completely different. Because of the more widespread tradition of voluntarism, the workplace-based confrontation and uncompulsory arbitrations brought the British industrial relations to be criticized. Since the end of World War Ⅱ, social-economic Germany established the institutions of Co-determination and Collective Bargaining. There are agreements of voluntary negotiations between the social partners and are not determined by legal enactments or any other form of state interference. On the other hand, the organized work councils in workplaces represent the interests of employees and prove able to promote a high degree of social integration.

然而，英国与德国劳资互动的发展历史背景是截然不同的，英国长久以来以自愿主义为首的行事风格、以工作场所做为首要的抗争重地和独特的政府非威权式的处理劳资争议为其劳资关系中的三个特点，另一方面战后德国建立起「共同决定」与「团体自主权」的制度，工会与雇主团体於工资等条件展开自发性的谈判，而另一方面劳工也可以参与公司的营运与工作，这个制度对於劳资之间的对话、沟通及维护社会稳定起了很大的作用，德国得以在二次战后迅速发展成为欧洲重工业大国，并发展社会市场经济。

Partnership: An unincorporated form of business organization in which two or more persons voluntarily associate for purposes of carrying out business activities.

两个或两个以上的人为了进行经营活动而自愿联合的一种非公司化的企业组织形式。

Non-authoritative influence, refers to the character, the class itself by knowledge, self-restraint and influential factors, its characteristic is established on the basis of students in convincing, with no compulsion, is through the process of subtle, internalizes for students of some motivation and play a role, students often is voluntary and active.

非权力性影响力，是指由班主任自身的品格、学识、涵养等因素而产生的影响力，其特点是建立在学生信服的基础上，不带有强迫性，是通过潜移默化的过程，内化为学生的某种动机而发挥作用，学生往往表现为自愿和主动。

Results Of all the 1 279 consulters,63.6% had sexual behavior of high risk.The main risk factor was non-married sexual contact, of which 95.5% were taken between female and male,while 4.5% was between male and male .The rate of people testing voluntarily,men,women and female commercial severer was 81.7%,84.8%,71.0% and 69.9% respectively.80% consulters came in fear and the main questions asked were symptoms and signs of AIDS, characteristics of the incubation and the windows periods and the diagnosis and treatment of STD.

结果 1 279名求询者中，因有过高危性行为而咨询者占63.6%，主要危险因素以非婚性接触为主，其中95.5%为异性接触，4.5%为男男性接触；自愿接受检测者占求询者的81.7%，男性为84.8%，女性为71.0%，女性商业性服务者为69.9%。83%的求询者因有恐惧心理而前来咨询，咨询的主要问题有感染艾滋病的症状、表现、潜伏期、窗口期、性病的诊断和治疗。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。