非竞争性

It is useful to differentiate conceptually the pure non-rivalrousness of knowledge from the low cost of dissemination.

把纯非竞争性的知识同低价值的分发区分开是非常有用的。

Standard Arrowian microeconomics suggests that technological information should be considered a public good, in that its use is non-excludable and non-rival and its production and use are characterised by high levels of indivisibility; it can also be easily transferred and learnt at little cost.

standard arrowian微观经济学表明，技术信息，应该被视为社会公益事业，在其使用的是，非排他性和非竞争性，以及其生产和使用的特点是高层次的不可分割性，它也可以很容易转移，据悉，在以较小的代价。

Based on this definition, it is concluded that community public products are a kind of special social intervenient products between pure public products and pure private products. Therefore, they have the characteristics of partly-non-exclusiveness, limitedly-non- rivalry, selectivity, and openness.

通过对社区公共产品概念的界定，我们知道，社区公共产品是介于纯公共产品和纯私人产品之间的一种特殊社会产品，它具有局部的非排他性、有限的非竞争性、可选择性和外部性的特征。

A noncompetitive antagonist prevents the agonist from producing any effect at a given receptor site.

非竞争性拮抗剂可阻止激动剂在特定受体部位产生任何效应。

But, their side effects limit their clinical uses. Dextromethorphan , a widely used antitussive medicine, is a noncompetitive NMDA antagonist and has been proved to prevent neuronal death induced by focal or global cerebral ischemia with minimal dysphoric and psychotomimetic activities.

右美沙芬（Dextromethorphan，DM）是NMDA受体的非竞争性拮抗剂，同时作为一种中枢镇咳药已广泛用于临床，我室以往的研究发现，右美沙芬在局灶性脑缺血中对神经元具有保护作用，而且没有自身的神经和精神毒性作用。

And the consumption flexibility of salt is very little, belong to be not emulative commodity.

而食盐的消费量弹性很小，属非竞争性商品。

Market mechanisms are unlikely to provide nonrival goods efficiently, even if they are excludable.

市场机制不可能有效地提供在消费上具有非竞争性的产品，即使它们在消费上具有非排他性。

It strongly limits the effects of competition in markets with incomplete contracts and gives rise to noncompetitive wage differences.

这大大限制了不完全契约市场中的竞争的效果，并导致非竞争性工资差异。

Because of the exclusiveness and the noncompetitive of public goods, the general viewpoint regards that government should provide them to solve market failure, but with the increase of the per capita income, the change of industrial structure and the continuous change of the values of people, they proposed higher requirement to the supply of public goods, but the deficiency of governmental financial, the low efficiency of governmental operation leads to the severe deficiency of public goods.

由于公共产品的非排他性和非竞争性，一般观点认为公共产品应该由政府提供以解决市场失灵，但是随着我国人均收入的增加、产业结构的变动以及人们价值观的不断变化，人们对公共产品的供给提出了更多和更高的要求，而政府财力不足、政府运营公共资金的低效率又导致政府提供的公共产品严重不足，这种矛盾构成了当前我国公共产品供给的主要矛盾。

The rural public products, compared with the rural private products, are characterized by utility undividable, consumption uncompetitive and benefit inclusive.

农村公共产品相对于农村私人产品而言，具有效用的不可分割性、消费的非竞争性和受益的非排他性，后者对前者具有依赖性。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。