非有效的

I am especially concerned about what appear to be actions by a segment of the industry to conscript the FCC, the FDA and The World Health Organization with them in following a non-effectual course that will likely result in a regulatory and consumer backlash.

我特别担心似乎是行动的部分行业应征催化裂化，美国食品药品管理局和世界卫生组织与他们在下面的一个非有效的课程，可能会导致监管和消费反弹。

This thesis mainly discuss following issues, Theory and simple expressions for array covariance matrixes are derived when angular spread functions are symmetric distribution functions, i. e. the Uniform distribution, the Gauss distribution, the Laplace distribution and the Von Mises distribution, and a non-symmetric distribution function, i. e. the Gamma distribution. And the relation between the effective signal subspace and the array number, or and the nominal angle of the distributed source, the angular spread, the distributed functions, and the Signal-to-Noise Ratio is gained. The dimension of the effective signal subspace increases with increment of the array number. And it is more obvious to the non-symmetric distribution. The dimension of the effective signal subspace decreases with increment of the nominal angle. And the distributed source is equal to a point source as θ=π/2. The dimension of the effective signal subspace increases with increment of the angular spread.

本论文针对阵列信号处理中广泛存在的分布源现象，主要讨论了以下问题：推导了角度分布函数分别为对称的均匀分布、高斯分布、拉普拉斯分布、Von Mises分布和非对称的伽马分布时，分布源阵列接收信号协方差阵的严格模型和简化模型，得到了单个分布源的有效信号子空间随阵元数、分布源中心角、分布角、角度分布函数和信噪比的变化规律：随着阵元数的增加，对所有角度分布函数的有效信号子空间维数也随着增加，且非对称分布函数的有效信号子空间充满整个空间的可能性更大；随着分布源中心角逐步增加，有效信号子空间维数逐步减小，当θ=π/2时，等价于点源情形；随着分布源分布角逐渐加大，有效信号子空间维数也随之增加，直到有效信号子空间充满整个空间；随着信噪比的增加，有效信号子空间维数有一定程度的减少。

The reconstruction problem is ill-posed, so two optimal criterions, the least module and the smoothness criterion base on Tikhonov regularization technique, are introduced into reconstruction algorithm. Many regularization parameters choice strategies are investigated, and the TPA(Two—Parameter Algorithm) strategy which is based on the Morozov discrepancy principles, is implemented in two regularization reconstruction algorithms.Numerical experiment results show that the nonnegative and smoothness constraint condition can overcome the difficulty of iteration semiconvergent, preconditioned technique can improve convergence rate and reconstruction accuracy, smoothness regularization criterion can meliorate ill-posed problem of reconstruction and enhance iteration stability, and the TPA is an effective strategy of regularization parameters choice.

数值试验表明：在共轭梯度法中引入非负约束和光滑约束改善了迭代的"半收敛"性，非负约束保证了解的非负性，光滑约束抑制了重建解的振荡现象，约束算法的重建精度与无约束算法相比大幅度提高；在约束共轭梯度重建算法中引入预优技术，可以加快算法的收敛速度，提高迭代的稳定性和重建精度；引入光滑准则的正则化技术可以有效改善图像重建问题的不适定性，加快迭代的收敛速度，提高迭代的稳定性和图像重建质量，计算正则参数的TPA算法在闪光照相图像重建中是有效的。

It not only discovered the reason that caused the industrial noneffective, moreover through the effective front surface "the projection" analysis, has discovered the key aspect and the improvement goal in invests and delivers when the non-DEA effective industry transforms for DEA effective.

本文运用数据包络分析法对青海省36个产业近年来的投入产出效率进行了测算分析，不仅找出了导致产业非有效的原因，而且通过产业在有效前沿面上的"投影"分析，找出了非DEA有效的产业转变为DEA有效时，在投入和产出中的关键因素及其改进目标。

At the same time, we can upbuild the improved schemes for DMUs from inefficiency to efficiency and from fuzzy efficiency to efficiency in view of the decision-maker's preconception, which can supply decision-makers with useful information and is the foundation for farther controlling and managing.

也能在系统评价时考虑决策者的个人偏好，给出决策单元从区间DEA非有效到区间DEA模糊有效或从区间DEA非有效到区间DEA有效的改进方案，为决策者提供有用的管理信息，为进一步有效管理和控制决策单元提供科学的依据。

At the same time, we can upbuild the improved schemes for DMUs from inefficiency to efficiency and from fuzzy efficiency to efficiency in view of the decision-maker 's preconception, which can supply decision-maker s with useful information and is the foundation for farther controlling and managing.

也能在系统评价时考虑决策者的个人偏好，给出决策单元从区间DEA非有效到区间DEA模糊有效或从区间DEA非有效到区间DEA有效的改进方案，为决策者提供有用的管理信息，为进一步有效管理和控制决策单元提供科学的依据。

The thesis is based on income question, forest coverage rate and grop production.to beging with, date envelopment analysis is proved that it can be applicated into grain for green in shan-bei district, and then in view of the fact, seven esential factors which have influence on the project are found out: expense of dam, expense of crop,expense of cash tree ,expense of defense tree,other economic crop,expense of grass and graziery;and the output factors include:income of gdp,pure income per captia,the area of decreasing land loss,graziery income ,crop production,income of tree,the totle income of economic crop.after the date of each facts are puted into dea model,unefficiencial decision making units found.the data that are got through adjusting unefficiencial dmus dy dea can offer guide in shanbei district upgrading of an industrial structure.at the same time ,taking into account some possible problems in or after grain for green in shan-bei district,the thesis bring out some propesal to improve the circumstance,enhance the life level and putthe relation of population,resource and circumstance into a healthy orbit.

论文以解决陕北地区的收入问题，植被问题以及粮食产量问题为出发点，首先从理论上分析了包络分析方法在陕北地区退耕还林中运用的可行性，然后结合陕北地区目前的实际情况，综合分析出影响陕北地区退耕还林的关键的七个因素作为输入指标：水利水保设施投入，农作物投入，经济林种支出，防护林支出，其它经济作物，草类支出，畜牧业投入；以退耕还林所要解决的最终问题作为输出指标：GDP收入、农民人均纯收入、水土流失减少量、牧业总产值、粮食产量、林业总产值、其他经济作物总产值。将各指标所对应的数据代入模型后，通过分析求解得出非有效的决策单元，再运用包络分析方法的一些基本原理对非有效的决策单元进行调整，由此所得的数据对陕北地区的实际投入具有很好的指导意义。同时，又针对陕北地区在退耕还林过程中以及之后可能面临的困境，提出了一些建议和对策。最终使得陕北地区的投资环境尽快得以改善，使农民尽快脱贫致富，使人口、资源、环境的关系尽快纳入良性循环的轨道上。

In this paper, according to the features of assessment index for the cleaner production, the unexpected input, the multi-usage of resources and energy is used as output, while the unexpected output, index of pollutants as input. Then the data envelopment analysis is applied to assess the cleaner production schemes for enterprises to find out the nonpaying schemes. Then improve the nonpaying schemes into effective ones.

本文根据清洁生产评价指标的特征，将资源能源综合利用指标等非期望输入等作为一种输出，污染物指标等非期望输出作为一种输入，引入到数据包络分析模型中，对企业的清洁生产方案进行科学客观的有效性评价，并找出非有效的方案，时其进行有效性改进。

At the same time the violent fluctuation of the stock price and extremely strong speculativeness of the market prove the security market of our country is a non-effective market.

同时股价的剧烈波动和市场的极强投机性也说明我国证券市场是一个非有效的市场。

Therefore, transaction costs must be considered in security investment,furthermore,haling no consideration of transaction costs might lead to invalid portfolios.

在实际的投资中，无论是买进证券还是卖出证券，都要求投资者支付一定的交易费用，交易费用的支付会影响到投资者最终的收益，因此将交易费用考虑到证券投资组合模型中十分必要；不仅如此忽略交易费用还可能导致非有效的证券组合，而文[1]在证券投资理论研究中没有考虑交易费用。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。