非最后的

On the basis of the analysis of the scores, the author makes conclusions about the characteristics of Schubert"s last three piano sonatas as followings: 1 The device of universal development in the movements composed in sonata form and rondo-sonata form is the most distinctive feature in the last three sonatas, which is also decisive in the trend of the whole movement and makes the developments relatively "still". 2 In the device of themes, the method of irregularity is preferred. However, By using extension, abbreviation, repetition and further repetition of periods, Schubert brings those themes to ingenious balance in both architectonics and aesthetics. 3 Chain method is applied in the connection of themes, in which the previous material is taken as basis and then modified together with the variations of new materials. By this way, the theme is continuously developed. 4 The principle of the dominant-subordinate is followed in Schubert"s three-key exposition, and the process of each key is extended.

本文在详尽分析乐谱的基础上，对最后三首奏鸣曲的主要创作特点进行了以下总结： 1、奏鸣曲式和奏鸣回旋曲式乐章中展开的普遍化是最后三首奏鸣曲最为显著的特点，它决定了整个乐章的走向，并使展开部具有相对"静止"的特点； 2、舒伯特的主题写作中更喜欢运用非方整性写法，并通过自身材料的延长、缩减和重复或者更高一级的段落重复使其达到了结构上和审美上的巧妙平衡； 3、舒伯特喜欢用链式的主题贯穿方式，音乐以之前的材料为依据，经过变化后再加入新的材料，用这种方式不间断地发展； 4、舒伯特的三调呈示部遵循从主到属的总体原则，并扩展了调性历程。

The main job and contribution of this paper are as follows:Based on narrowband signal processing, we propose a new method for FH signal blind detection and blind parameter estimation. Firstly, compute the cross-correlation function of FH signals from multichannels, then we get the cross power spectral density matrixCSDM Secondly, select the hops of FH signals from the CSDM via processing and analyzing the CSDM, meanwhile reduce the influence coming from noise, fixed frequency signal and other interferences; Lastly, estimating the DOA of every hop and according to the DOA, we can separate the hops, get the number of FH signals and their parameters. Propose a new method for designing the threshold in FH signal detection. This method makes it easy to get the threshold by theoretic computing and it can extremely reduce the interference of non-FH signals.Based on broadband signal processing, we propose a new method for FH signal blind detection and blind parameter estimation. Firstly, get the DOA of the signals by wideband spatial spectrum estimation; secondly, separate the signals by spatial filtering using wideband beamformer; Lastly, we propose two methods for FH signal blind detection and blind parameter estimation, one is for several constant hop-rate FH signals whose dwell-time are different and another is for a single FH signal whose hop-rate is alterable.By employing spatial interpolation in broadband signal beamforming, it can reduce the number of antenna elements and corresponding RF modules, A/D converters, etc. It can also eliminate the mutual coupling between antenna elements while getting the narrower main beamwidth and lower sidelobe level.

本文的主要研究工作和贡献如下：●提出了一种基于窄带处理的FH信号盲检测和参数盲估计的实现方法，即首先求出多路信号之间的互相关，进而得到互功率谱密度矩阵，然后通过对CSDM进行对折处理来抑制噪声、定频信号及其他干扰的影响，并将所有属于FH信号的hop(每一跳的驻留时间在时频图上持续的线段)从CSDM中筛选出来，最后用阵列信号处理中的到达方向估计理论在频域中估计出各个hop的方向参数，利用方位信息完成FH信号分离并得到FH信号的数目及其各自的参数集；●提出了一种确定FH信号检测门限的策略，该策略不仅使得检测门限能够通过理论计算得到，而且还显著地抑制了非跳频信号的干扰，从而能有效地检测出FH信号；●提出了一种基于宽带处理的短波FH信号盲检测和参数盲估计的实现方法，即首先利用宽带空间谱测向技术得到接收信号的DOA，然后采用宽带波束形成技术对特定方向进行空间滤波，实现多个信号的分离，最后分别提出了两种FH信号的盲检测和参数盲估计方法，第一种方法适用于空间某个特定方向上存在着几个驻留时间不同的恒跳速FH信号和其他干扰信号的混合信号，第二种方法适用于空间某个特定方向上仅含一个可变跳速的FH信号和噪声的混合信号；●将空间插值的概念和宽带波束形成技术结合起来，提出了一种基于频域处理的宽带恒定束宽的波束形成方法。

First, it begins with the study of the centralized CFAR detection with multiple sensors. The non-CFAR problem is analyzed; the necessity for local CFAR processing is established. The effective local CFAR processing scheme is proposed, i.e. the local test statistic. The upper limit of the optimal performance is proved for the distributed CFAR detection based on LTS. Then, the new schemes based on LTS are analyzed in condition of signal pulse, and then the analysis is expanded to the case of multiple pulses. Next, the feedback mechanism is introduced. At last, the invariant test is used to reveal the essence of CFAR processing. It explains the necessity of local CFAR processing in the distributed CFAR detection at a higher level.

本文深入研究了这方面的问题，首先从多传感器集中式 CFAR 检测入手，分析其存在的非 CFAR 问题，论述局部 CFAR 处理的必要性，提出有效的局部 CFAR 处理方法：局部检测统计量，证明基于局部检测统计量的分布式 CFAR 检测的最优性能上限，分析基于局部检测统计量的新方案在单脉冲条件下的性能，并且进一步拓展到多脉冲非相干积累的情况，然后引入反馈机制，最后利用不变检验的概念揭示 CFAR 处理的机理，从更高的层次上解释分布式 CFAR 检测做局部 CFAR 处理的必要性。

In chapter two, under non-Lipschitz condition, the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the second kind of BSDE is researched, based on it, the stability of the solution is proved; In chapter three, under non-Lipschitz condition, the comparison theorem of the solution of the second kind of BSDE is proved and using the monotone iterative technique , the existence of minimal and maximal solution is constructively proved; in chapter four, on the base of above results, we get some results of the second kind of BSDE which partly decouple with SDE, which include that the solution of the BSDE is continuous in the initial value of SDE and the application to optimal control and dynamic programming. At the end of this section, the character of the corresponding utility function has been discussed, e.g monotonicity, concavity and risk aversion; in chapter 5, for the first land of BSDE ,using the monotone iterative technique , the existence of minimal and maximal solution is proved and other characters and applications to utility function are studied.

首先，第二章在非Lipschitz条件下，研究了第二类方程的解的存在唯一性问题，在此基础上，又证明了解的稳定性；第三章在非Lipschitz条件下，证明了第二类BSDE解的比较定理，并在此基础上，利用单调迭代的方法，构造性证明了最大、最小解的存在性；第四章在以上的一些理论基础之上，得到了相应的与第二类倒向随机微分方程耦合的正倒向随机微分方程系统的一些结果，主要包括倒向随机微分方程的解关于正向随机微分方程的初值是具有连续性的，得到了最优控制和动态规划的一些结果，在这一章的最后还讨论了相应的效用函数的性质，如，效用函数的单调性、凹性以及风险规避性等；第五章，针对第一类倒向随机微分方程，运用单调迭代方法，证明了最大和最小解的存在性，并研究了解的其它性质及在效用函数上的应用。

Later, we estimate our variational functional to get a nontrivial solution of the new equation and so the second solution for is obtained.

然后我们利用函数平移将原来的非齐次边界问题转化为奇次边界问题，验证了其对应的变分泛函满足不带条件的山路引理的两个条件，并给出了泛函临界点存在的一个充分条件，最后对具体的变分泛函进行估计，得到了新方程非平凡解的存在性结果，从而得到了原方程第二个正解的存在性结果。

First, the traffic flow time series chaotic feature is extracted by chaos theory. pretreatment for traffic flow time series, and the wavelet neural networks model was build by this. Second, the chaotic mechanism and the chaotic probability is described. Based on chaotic learning algorithm, and the wavelet neural networks fast learning algorithm of traffic flow time series is designed based on chaotic algorithm. Last, a single-step and multi-step prediction of traffic flow chaotic time series is researched by BP neural networks, wavelet neural networks and wavelet neural networks based on chaotic algorithm. The results showed that the wavelet neural networks predictive performance is better than the BP networks and the wavelet neural networks by the simulation results and root-mean-square value.

首先，通过混沌理论提取了交通流量时间序列的混沌特征，并在此基础上建立了小波神经网络交通流量时间序列模型；接着，阐述了混沌学习算法的混沌机理、混沌产生的概率，设计了基于混沌算法的小波神经网络交通流量混沌时间序列快速学习算法；最后利用交通流量混沌时间序列对BP网络、非混沌算法的小波神经网络以及基于混沌算法的小波神经网络进行了单步预测和多步预测，并对预测结果的仿真图和真实值与预测值的方均根进行了比较，结果表明基于混沌学习算法的小波神经网络的预测性能明显优于应用BP网络和非混沌算法的小波神经网络。

Catherine and Xi Sike cliff of love is based on their personality and interests entirely satisfied that the same basis, the love between them is mainly the same spirit rather than the appearance of the mutual attraction, is the soul rather than the desire to fit the needs of the , on the last time they met in that storm-like unquenchable passion, nor have the slightest passions mixed composition, which also in the hands of the writers of the ideal, pure love for himself.

凯瑟琳与希思克利夫的爱情是以他们的性格和兴趣完全认为同为基础的，他们之间的爱情主要是精神上一致而非外貌上的相互吸引，是心灵的契合而非欲望上的需要，就在他们最后一次见面中那狂风暴雨般不可遏制的激情，也不夹杂有丝毫的情欲成份，这也寄托了作家对理想的、纯洁的爱情的向往。

In the aspect of the study of the application of HHT method, This dissertation has done three part of jobs: first, the Elcentro strong ground motion which is in common use in earhtquake engineering is analyzed by HHT method, getting its amplitude-frequency-time distribution and the comparison between the HHT marginal spectrum and Fourier spectrum is also made; second, the typical nonlinear system defined by the Duffing equation is analyzed by HHT method, getting its numerical value's amplitude-frequency-time distribution and the comparison between the HHT marginal spectrum and Fourier spectrum is also made; third, define the stationary degree of non-stationary signals making use of 3-D time-frequency spectrum and marginal spectrum, the stationary degree curve of Elcentro seismic recording is protracted according to its defining formula, the stationary degree curve of Elcentro seismic recording which change with time is protracted according to similiar definition.

在HHT方法的应用研究方面，本文做了三部分的工作：首先，利用HHT方法分析了地震工程中常用的Elcentro非平稳强震记录，得到了该记录的振幅－频率－时间分布特性，并将得到的边际谱与傅立叶谱做了比较；其次，应用HHT方法分析了典型的非线性系统－Duffing方程，得到了该方程数值解的振幅－频率－时间分布特性，并将得到的边际谱与傅立叶谱做了比较；最后，利用三维时频谱与边际谱定义了非平稳信号的平稳度，并依照其定义式绘制了Elcentro地震波记录的平稳度曲线，依照类似与依赖与频率变化的平稳度定义，初步尝试编程绘制了Elcentro地震波随时间变化的平稳度曲线。

After pointing out its superiority and deficiency, the article finally puts forward several suggestions to the development of digital reference service in library, including making criterion of aptitude of reference librarian, creating assistant forum service, importing appraise system that user is leading, reinforcing general adoption of the market principle for reference service.

在介绍商业网站非赢利性参考咨询服务概况的基础上，分析其非赢利性、受众的广泛性、用人制度的灵活性、服务方式的单一性和咨询内容的百科性等特点，指出它所具有的优势和存在的不足，最后提出发展图书馆数字参考咨询服务的几点意见，包括规范参考咨询馆员资质；推出辅助性质的论坛服务；引入以用户为主导的评价体系和适时加强参考咨询服务的市场化运作。

Ernest August Gutt has been engaged in this domain and made great achievements.A systematic research on Gutt"s translation theory clarifies some misunderstandings concerning this theory, disclosing its true nature and exploring its explanatory power to translation practice. Furthermore this thesis probes into the application of Gutt"s theory to literary translation, pointing out that Gutt fails to realize the important role that non-formal aesthetic markers, such as tone and feeling, play in transferring aesthetic values in literary translation, though he lays much emphasis on the transference of formal aesthetic markers. Attempts have been made to amend Gutt"s theory in respect of transferring aesthetic values of literary work by means of "non-formal aesthetic markers, with the aim of making it more suitable for literary translation between Chinese and English.

本文简述了关联理论的基本内容，对恩斯特·奥古斯特·格特根据关联理论建立的关联翻译理论作了较为全面、系统的研究；梳理、分析了译界对它的研究情况和接受情况，澄清了译界对关联翻译理论的种种错误认识；探讨了该理论对翻译现象的强大解释力；最后对格特理论在汉英文学翻译实践中的局限性进行了有益探索，指出了格特理论在文学作品的美学价值的再现上存在不足：格特忽视了美的非形式特征在文学作品的美学价值的再现上所起的重要作用；并结合自己的翻泽研究和实践，从美的形式特征和非形式特征两个方面，用具体译例阐释了文学翻译如何再现原作美学价值的问题，力求使该理论更适合于汉英文学翻译。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。