非数值计算

For the radiation transfer equation, both the spatial domain and the angular domain is discretized, and the finite volume method is used to solve the equation in an explicit way.

把一种新的三维热辐射计算方法应用到高超声速非平衡流场的数值模拟过程中：在非结构网格上对高超声速化学非平衡流场的数值模拟过程中，耦合了辐射输运方程来求解辐射热流。

Based on the Navier-Stokes equations in conservative form derived with respect to nonorthogonal curvilinear coordinates and nonorthogonal velocity components, the numerical method for solving 3D viscous flow has been discussed.

本文基于非正交曲线坐标与相应的非正交速度分量下导得的守恒型N—S方程，讨论了求解三维粘性流动的数值方法，计算中显式时间推进算法与Baldwin—Lomax湍流模型被采用，应用本工作发展的程序，作为算例计算了一个沿径向非等截面环形叶栅的三维粘性流场，得到了诸如三维压力分布，总压损失分布以及十分清晰的二次流动图景等丰富的流场信息。

In the first part, first, the operational principle of Varivec Propeller is explained. Secondly, the mathematical model for predicting longitudinal and transverse movement hydrodynamic characteristics of Varivec Propeller under steady or unsteady condition are present, based on the general propeller lifting-surface theory, potential flow theory and Green theorem. Thirdly, theoretical calculation methods for predicting hydrodynamic characteristics when the influence of paraboloidal boss on the performance of Varivec Propeller is or isn't considered are present, based on The finite basic solution method, the unsteady vortex lattice method and Hess-Smith method Different rake angle is adopted according to different desire in practical application.

在理论计算部分，本文首先给出了全方向推进器的工作原理，然后基于常规螺旋桨升力面理论、势流理论和格林定理建立了定常和非定常状态下全方向推进器纵向、横向运动的水动力性能计算的数学模型，并利用有限基本解法、非定常涡格法和Hess-smith方法分别对考虑和不考虑桨毂影响时的全方向推进器纵向、横向运动水动力性能进行了数值预报。

The discrete velocity ordinate method in the kinetic theory of gases is developed and applied to discretize the correspo

借助非定常时间分裂法和无波动无自由参数的NND耗散格式，建立直接求解微观分子速度分布函数的有限差分数值格式；研究并发展可用于离散速度坐标点选取和离散速度空间宏观取矩的高斯─埃尔米特无穷积分方法、等均间隔的牛顿─柯斯复合积分法、以勒让德多项式的根为积分结点的高斯─勒让德数值积分法，并应用于不同马赫数绕流模拟；通过对不同流域一维激波管问题、二维圆柱绕流问题和三维球体绕流的计算研究，并将计算结果与其他途径得到的研究结果诸如DSMC模拟值、N-S解及有关实验数据进行比较分析，创建了一套能有效模拟稀薄流到连续流不同流域气体流动问题简化的统一数值算法研究框架

Based on the traits of the aspherical lens, the sunlight was focused on a very small spot, and then it was transferred into a plastic fiber by an aspherical lens and a selfoc lens. A formula for calculating the optimal length of selfoc lens is presented. The optimal assembly of the aspherical lens and selfoc lens was implemented by the aid of this formula. Therefore, sunlight is coupled into a plastic fiber efficiently.

根据非球面透镜垂轴球差小的特点把太阳光会聚到很小的光点，再利用长度约为1/4节距的自聚焦透镜改变光线的数值孔径使其满足光纤的数值孔径，通过一个计算公式来计算最佳的自聚焦透镜长度，实现非球面透镜和自聚焦透镜的最佳组合，把太阳光以较高的耦合效率耦合进塑料光纤。

High precision format, unstructured dynamic mesh with a large displacement and multi-species gas flows were computationally expensive, the problem of resourceless and inefficient of single computer appeared. Parallel arithmetic based on PC-Cluster system for the oblique detonation wave flow and the muzzle flow include high speed projectile were discussed. The results proved that the rationality of parallel arithmetic provided a new method to simulate the complex chemical reaction flows. The present code represents a validated, efficient and versatile tool developed for the simulation of hypersonic multi-species chemical non-equilibrium flows.

高精度计算格式、化学反应源项的刚性和大位移的运动边界处理都给计算和存储带来了沉重的负担，单机资源不足和计算时间长的问题凸现，利用PC机和局域网资源建立分布存储式并行计算系统，并基于非结构动网格和分区算法开发了复杂化学反应流场数值模拟的并行计算程序，对高速飞行实验弹丸诱导的斜爆轰波流场和含有大位移动边界的膛口燃气射流场进行了并行模拟，有效地缩短了计算时间，扩展了计算规模，为复杂化学反应流数值模拟研究提供了新的手段。

The simulative model of temperature field and stress field in concrete , Heat and moisture coupling、Parallel simulative calculation of concrete with water pipe cooling、 Parallel feedback analysis of thermal characteristic parameters, and stress intensity factor of induced joint, which are the sixty-four-dollar questions, are studied in this dissertation. The main contents of this dissertation are as follows:(1)Based on the past and current research work, the calculation theory of the transient temperature field and creep stress field of mass concrete which self temperature influence is considered is deduced. The couple effect between the temperature field and humidity field of concrete, is considered on the basis of conservation law of water and energy, and the coupled formulation which coefficient is not constant of the heat and moisture in concrete is deduced. The calculation theory and model which is theoretically strict for solution to thermal problem in concrete with water-cooling pipes are recommended.

本文主要针对混凝土的温度场应力场仿真计算模型、热湿耦合、水管冷却问题的并行仿真、混凝土温度参数并行反演分析以及诱导缝应力强度因子计算等混凝土大坝温度应力数值仿真的关键技术进行了较为深入的研究，全文主要内容如下：(1)在现有研究基础上，推导了考虑自身温度影响的混凝土非稳定温度场和徐变应力场的计算理论；基于水分质量守恒和能量守恒原理考虑混凝土温度场和湿度场的耦合作用，推导了混凝土的变系数热湿耦合方程，并建立了相应的计算模型；引用严密的水管冷却混凝土温度场的计算理论和计算模型，比较了两种简化计算方法用于水管冷却混凝土仿真计算的不足。

The results of numerical analysis show that the elastic modular and the poisson ratio have no effect on two-dimensional bearing capacity, but can affect the ultimate bearing capacity of three-dimensional foundations and control the convergence and precision of finite element calculation; the earth pressure coefficient controls the geostatic stress of foundation, sequentially affects the ultimate bearing capacity of foundations and the convergence of numerical calculation. When calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of undrained saturated foundation, the complete formulation exists shear locking, and reduce formulation exists hourglassing, so the hybrid formulation is suitable to imitate the geomaterial. When the soil obeys nonrelevent flow rule, the yielding function is different from potential function, and the elastic-plastic matrix of soil is asymmetric, so the unsymmetry numerical solver and appropriate finite element mesh is required.

研究结果表明，土体弹性模量和泊松比对二维基础极限承载力没有影响，但是影响着三维矩形基础的极限承载力，控制着ABAQUS数值算法的计算精度与收敛速度；地基土压力系数控制着地基土体中的地应力平衡，从而影响着二维条形基础和三维矩形基础的极限承载力和地基破坏包络面；对于不排水饱和软黏土地基，常规的完全积分单元会造成剪力自锁现象，而减缩积分单元则存在过于柔化的现象，故采用杂交单元来模拟较合适；当土体服从非关联流动法则时，屈服函数与塑性势函数之间存在差异，从而导致土体弹塑性矩阵呈现非对称性，在有限元计算中必须采用非对称数值解法，并且合理地划分单元才能对极限承载力进行准确求解。

We present our Monte Carlo results of the random-bond Potts ferromagnet with the Olson-Young self-dual distribution of quenched disorders in two dimensions.By exploring the short-time scaling dynamics,we find the universal power-law critical behavior of the magnetization and Binder cumulant at the critical point,and thus obtain estimates of the dynamic expontent z and magnetic exponent η,as well as the exponent θ.Our special attention is paid to the dynamic process for the q=8 Potts model.

以蒙特卡罗模拟方法对自对耦分布二维随机链q态Potts模型的短时临界行为进行了数值研究，利用初始非平衡演化阶段存在的普适幂指数和有限体积标度行为，数值模拟了在不同形式随机分布时q=3和q=8态Potts模型磁临界指数η和动力学临界指数z，计算结果发现η不依赖于自对偶无序分布的具体形式，从而以数值方法给出了一个关于淬火掺杂自旋系统的临界普适行为的验证。

First,the 3-d dynamic equations in cylindrical coordinate for transversely isotropic saturated soil were transformed into a group of governing differential equations with 1-order by the technique of Fourier expanding with respect to azimuth,and the state equation was established by Hankel integral transform method,furthermore the transfer matrixes within layered media were deriv...

首先，通过方位角的Fourier变换，将圆柱坐标系下横观各向同性饱和土的三维动力方程转化为一阶常微分方程组，基于径向Hankel变换，建立问题的状态方程，求解状态方程后得到传递矩阵；其次，利用传递矩阵，结合层状饱和地基的边界条件、排水条件及层间接触和连续条件，给出了任意简谐激振力作用下层状横观各向同性饱和地基动力响应的通解；然后，按混合边值问题建立层状饱和地基上弹性圆板非轴对称振动的对偶积分方程，并将对偶积分方程化为易于数值计算的第二类Fredholm积分方程，并给出了算例。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。