非定态

Therefore, alogical generalization of limit cycle in stochastic models needs to be developed, andinterestingly, the concept of circulation in the mathematical theory of nonequilibriumsteady states [91] actually plays the role.

因此，需要研究随机模型中对应于确定性模型极限环概念的合理推广；而在关于开系统非平衡定态的数学理论[91]中，环流恰好可以扮演这样一个角色。

The two steady operation conditions of Carrousel oxidation ditch and the unsteady flow field in the period of turning on/off aerator were determined and analyzed.

对 Carrousel 氧化沟2种稳态工况和曝气机启/停阶段非定常流场进行了测定与分析，结果表明：在开启2台曝气机的条件下，外沟流动缓慢造成推进器前区段易发生污泥淤积；而内沟较高的水动能有利于防止污泥沉积。

What differ from that of the researchers in the past is the consideration of the direction of Hopf bifurcation with Dirichlet boundary condition , that is, the conditions when the Hopf bifurcation periodic solutions are orbitally asymptotically stable with asymptotic phase.Our basic idea come from the results given by Tang[30]. We adopt the method used by Hassard in the Hopf bifurcation theorem in [24], which is to judge the existence and the direction of Hopf bifurcation, and the stability of the Hopf bifurcation periodic solutions.

与以前的研究者不同的是，本文不仅讨论了在Dirichlet边界条件下系统的Hopf分支在以扩散系数为分支参数的情况下的存在性和分支周期解的空间非齐次性，而且更多的关注了系统在Dirichlet边界条件下Hopf分支解的稳定性及Hopf分支的方向，也即系统定态解在何种条件下，当分支参数如何变化时产生Hopf分支且分支周期解是带渐近位相轨道渐近稳定的。

The membranes were transformed from amorphous phase toα-Al_2O_3 crystalline phase by 5 hours annealing at 800℃and 910℃. At the same time, aluminum and amorphous alumina were found by XRD patterns. The membrane had little change in front side after 5 hours annealing at 800℃, while the back side was transformed from ruleless distributing to cluster distributing.

膜在800℃及910℃下退火5h后，由非晶态的氧化铝转变成为晶态的α-Al_2O_3，但同时也有铝单质和无定形结构的氧化铝存在，膜在800℃下退火5h后的正面没有太大变化，背面由无规则的分布变为簇状分布。

SPIV was applied to a large-scale low-speed compressor facility with the configuration of the two CCD cameras placed on either side of the light sheet to make the measurement of the complex flow in hub-to-tip cross sections possible and to avoid the disturbance from the light sheet probe as used in the periscope-type configuration, which can also be easily used in multistage and high-speed turbomachinery.

本文将数字式SPIV技术应用到低速大尺寸压气机实验台上，解决了压气机内部非定常复杂流动瞬态场的技术难题，所发展的SPIV测量技术同样适用于多级叶轮机械；并在设计状态和近失速状态下，对转子槽道内叶尖区域及转静干扰条件下静子槽道内叶尖区域多个截面内的三维瞬态速度场进行了成功测量。

Chapter 2 is devoted to study of exact solutions of the nonlinear evolution equations. Using solutions of a Bernoulli equation instead of tanh in tanh-function method we find some more general solutions of the KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto equation , and by using the nonlinear telegraph equation we show that there are many different choices on its balancing number m and the power n of the nonlinear term in Bernoulli equation by which we can recover the previously known solutions and also can derive new square root type solitary wave solutions. Exact solitary wave solutions for a surface wave equation are obtained by means of the homogeneous balance method. We also present an approach for constructing the solitary wave solutions and non-solitary wave solutions of the nonlinear evolution equations by using the homogeneous balance method directly, which is also used to find the steady state solutions, solitary wave solutions and the non-solitary wave solutions of the 2+1 dimensional dispersive long wave equations. The soliton-like solutions of the BLMP equation and the 2+1 dimensional breaking soliton equation are found by use of the symbolic-computation-based Method.

第二章中研究了非线性发展方程的精确解：用双曲正切函数法中的双曲正切函数换为Bernoulli方程的解的方法而给出KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto方程的精确解并用非线性电波方程为例说明了平衡数m和Bernoulli方程中非线性项的次数n有着多种选择的可能，它不但使我们能找到已知解而且也能找出新的根式孤立波解；用齐次平衡法给出一个曲面波方程的精确孤立波解，并提出直接用齐次平衡法寻找非线性发展方程的孤立波解、非孤立波解的方法，作为应用给出2+1维色散长波方程组等的定态解、孤立波解、非孤立波解等；用Symbolic-computation-basedMethod获得BLMP方程和2+1维破裂孤子方程的类孤子解；提出sine-Gordon型方程的直接求解方法，并获得sine-Gordon方程、双sine-Gordon方程、sinh-Gordon方程、MKdV-sine-Gordon方程和Born-Infeld方程等的精确孤立波解。

Besides,we also draw and describe some other problems in theexisting frame:such as the relation between Schmidt decomposition and localunitary transformation,the vector expression of pure state density matrix,traitsof certain points locating near the boundary of disentangled region.

另外，对于其它一些不甚重要的问题，如Schmidt分解与定域酉变换的联系，纯态密度矩阵的向量表示的特点，非纠缠态区域边界上的点的某些特性等等，我们一并在现有的框架中给出描述。

It is uniphase and has amorphous structure.

非晶态合金在原子排布上完全不同于晶态金属，它没有晶粒和晶界，是单相无定形结构，没有像晶体那样的结构缺陷，如晶界、孪晶、位错、层错等。

Via analysis by means of XRD and LRS, it was found that the as-deposited thin films mainly consisted of amorphous Ge clusters, and some of the particles were oxygenized into amorphous GeO.

通过XRD表徵和LRS谱分析，发现沉积态颗粒膜主要为无定形态的Ge团簇，同时在溅射沉积过程中有少量Ge被氧化成非晶态的GeO。

The analysis of polymer structure indicates that the non-crystalline phase is the majority of the agglomerate structure and the crystalline phase is the minority, the highest crystal value only reaches the level of 0.1646;There is a definite interactionadditives and PVA, which not only reduces the crystal value of ASPE to make amorphous areas enlarge but also improve the ability of segmental motion by destroying the well-regulated and orderly character of polymer chain, meanwhile restricts the mobility of potassium cation and enhances the anionic transference number of hydroxide ions, all these improve the ionic conductivity;The ionic conductivity occurs essentially within the amorphous phase of the ASPE;The structure of ASPE doesnt change in the range of our test temperature, this means, the temperature only takes effect on degradation of complex in certain compositions, ionic mobility and segmental motions of the polymer chain.

聚合物结构分析表明：碱性固体聚合物电解质中凝聚态结构以非晶态为主，仅有少量的晶态，结晶度最大为0.1646；添加的各组分与PVA之间都有一定的相互作用，这种作用不仅破坏了聚合物链段的规整性，能够降低聚合物的结晶度，增大无定形区域，提高链段运动的能力，同时这种作用限制K~+离子的运动，提高OH~-的迁移率，从而提高离子电导率；碱性聚合物电解质的离子传导主要发生在无定形区；在本实验测试离子电导率温度范围内，聚合物内部的结构不会发生变化，即温度只会影响电解质内部络合物解离程度和载流子迁移以及聚合物链段运动的情况。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。