非因果关系

The theory of content is related with the contention between intentional realism and intentional non-realism which are aroused from the scientific position of Folk Psychology.

由于内容理论与关于民间心理学的科学地位所引起的意向实在论和意向非实在论的争论密切相关，因而主要涉及意向性的主体、心理内容的关系属性及其自然化、心理内容的因果性等问题的分析。

The research employs three variable VAR systems and the result shows that in different regions the causality of scale and efficiency index between financial intermediation and economic growth is different because of the differentials of regional economic development. Finally, the authors suggest that the financial intermedia...

通过运用多变量VAR系统的研究表明：金融中介的规模指标和效率指标与经济增长在各地区间的因果关系不一致，这与地区间经济发展水平的差异有直接关系，中西部地区的金融中介机构为更好地促进本地区经济增长应该扩大对非国有企业的贷款。

This was the first time you could clearly see cause and effect from a nongenetic influence.

这是我们第一次清清楚楚地看到非遗传因素所带来的因果关系。

The theory of supervenience is a new paradigm about mind-body problems which has recently risen in the realm of western philosophy. This theory regards the mind-body relation as supervenience and as an undeoxidized dependent and determinative relation.

随附性理论是西方哲学领域近年所兴起的、有关心身问题研究的新范式，该理论认为：心身之间是随附的，这种关系是我们以往认识到的同一、平行、还原、因果和蕴涵等关系之外的一种非还原的依赖和决定关系。

This article thinks that, as a criterion of liability fixation, strict liability does't think of the feasor's fault. It rests upon a factual test of causation that disregards proximate caused omissions.The defenses available in strict liability are strict limited.And finally,the unlawfulness characterizes is only the harm and not the activity producing it. As a category of tort liabilities, strict liability is a heterogeneous and multi-level continuum.

作为一种归责标准以及以之为据的责任类型，严格责任具有其独特的性质：在前者，严格责任具有价值判断上的非过错性、因果关系判断的模糊性、抗辩事由的限制性以及强调侵害行为的结果违法性；在后者，严格责任是一个不同质、多层次的连续体。

Prove by this research, the revaluation of Taiwan Dollar is advantageous to raise up the REITs prices. And the revaluation could be come from the prospect ion of global investment to the local real estate market. Besides, Granger Casuality has demonstrated the prices of construction group that has got ahead of REITs prices,and whenever it goes up, REITs will be lifted up at the same time.Moreover, REITs issued by Financial Holding is performed better than other issuers.Maybe the reason is the Financial Holding operated the higher quality targets as the trust objects than others.

经由本研究多元回归模型实证发现，台币的升值，有裨益於REITs价格的提升，而台币的升值有可能源自於外资对台湾房地产商办的看好；此外由Granger因果关系检定可得知，营建股股价领先REITs股价的走势，亦为当营建类股走强时，REITs类股也会为之水涨船高，此外金控发行REITs表现亦优於非其他REITs的表现，此有可能金控机构拿出来信托的标的物较为优质所致。

Unreducibility of emergence can be concretely explained as existence of downward causation ontologically and existence of different descriptive language of different levels epistemologically.

在此前提下，将复杂系统突现的基本特征具体化：突现的整体性具体化为复杂系统全局模式的出现；不可预测的新颖性具体化为非迭代模拟的不可预测性；不可还原性具体化为在本体论上存在下向因果关系、在认识论上存在不同层次的描述语言。

For the mode of legislation, it is suggested that a principle regulations to be made while the detailed applied situation and conditions are specified further in judicial explanation; regarding the applied situation, give four kinds of examples as shortage of capital, mixing of company, property of shareholders, business and personality, avoid the liability of contract and legal liability using of company personality; when making judgment, such three parts as main body, action and results have to be considered. The voluntary creditor and forced creditor consists of prosecutor, those person who abuses the force of company is the defendant who has the act of abusing company personally resulting in bad effect; the responsibility of producing of evident may refer to those of courts of Germany, which is proved by prosecutor, after that, the defendant provides the evident that he has a proper action for the suit of company or his action is not the direct cause for the loss of company; the legal effect of disregarding of corporate personality is to deprive the rights of limited liability of shareholders and shall undertake the affiliated liability according to different situations of company debts, however, it is clear that the legal effect is only limited to the special legal relationship in the specific case; the exercising body is made by court while the corporate personality might not be disaffirmed directly in exerting process; finally, it points out the real essence and also its real sense and difficulties in practice.

对立法模式，建议成文法中只做原则性规定，而具体的适用情形、适用条件等规定可以在司法解释中进一步作出明确规定；对适用情形，根据我国实际列举了资本显著不足、公司与股东财产、业务、人格的混同、利用公司人格规避契约义务和逃避法律义务四种大类；审判时应考虑的要件包括主体、行为、结果三大要件，自愿债权人和非自愿债权人构成原告，对公司有控制力的滥用者为被告，要有滥用公司人格的行为，并有损害的结果产生；举证责任可参照德国法院的做法，由原告提供初步证据证明公司存在滥用公司人格的行为，而后，由被告提供证据证明自己与涉诉公司的关系是正当的，或自己的行为与原告的损失没有因果关系；否认公司人格的法律效果是剥夺股东在个案中的有限责任的权利，视不同情形对公司债务承担连带责任，但应明确法律效力仅限于个案中的特别法律关系；行使主体应由法院的审判庭行使，而不宜在执行程序中直接否认公司法人人格；最后对逆向揭开公司面纱作了探讨，指出其现实意义和实践难点。

The insiders consist of traditional insiders, constructive insiders, tippers, tippees and misappropriators. The inside information must be unpublished and sensitive to securities' prices. The formulas of counting the damages are proposed. The doctrine of liability fixation should adopt the principle of constructive wrongs. The securities law should directly construct the causality, which relieves the average investors' burdens of proof in order to protect their benefit.

本文提出应将内幕交易主体区分为传统内幕人、推定内幕人、泄露信息者、接受信息者、盗用消息者等几类，并分别予以阐述；内幕信息则需具有两个最重要的条件——非公开及价格敏感性；在损害事实的确定问题上，提出了计算受害方的损失数额的公式，并指出以内幕交易者的全部非法所得为限进行民事赔偿比较公平合理；鉴于受害者无法确知内幕交易者的主观心理状态，在归责原则上宜采过错推定原则；在因果关系的证明上，从保护受害者的角度出发，应采美国做法，立法直接推定因果关系存在，明确规定受害者有损害求偿权，而毋需承担因果关系的举证责任。

"Proving a causal link between Portugal's decriminalisation measures and any changes in drug-use patterns is virtually impossible in scientific terms," concludes Mr Hughes.

&从科学的角度来说，证明葡萄牙非犯罪化措施与毒品使用模式的转变之间有因果关系事实上是不可能的& Mr Hughes得出的结论。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。