非参数估计

The contents from the third chapter to the fifth chapter are the kernels which are a series of applications of generalized regression model and generalized regression estimator. At first, this paper constructs ratio model, linear regression model, post-stratified regression model and nonparametric regression model through different regressive relationship between auxiliary variable and study variable.

首先是依据辅助变量与研究变量之间回归关系的不同，分别建立比率模型、线性回归模型、事后分层回归模型和非参数回归模型，然后再利用第二章中推导出的广义回归估计理论，对各种回归模型辅助下(来源：A4bBC12论文网www.abclunwen.com)的估计方法进行了系统性研究，从而构成了模型辅助估计方法的整个研究体系。

On the basis of the image correlation and the nonparametric kernel density estimation, kernel density functions of background and foreground were built., Bayesian theory was used to estimate the prior probabilities of the foreground and the background, so an estimative threshold was obtained and the classification of the background and the foreground was realized.

首先，在图像相关性的基础上，利用非参数核密度估计的方法，建立前景和背景的核密度函数，再利用贝叶斯理论，估计出背景和前景的先验概率，两者相结合得到一个估计的阈值，从而实现目标和背景的分类。

In nonparametric statistical theory, the nonparametric regression model that is with the given sample of observations are independent and identically distributed and the response .

在非参数统计理论中，对于给定的一组关于两变量和的非参数回归模型，其中已知，希望通过对的核估计得到更好的拟合模型。

First, mathematical foundation of synchronization, i.e. the theory of parameter estimation is introduced. Then, DA/DD or NDA timing synchronization methods based on the ML estimation of timing parameter are presented. They are all widely applied in actual digital communication systems. Interpolation theory in digital signal processing has application in timing synchronization, which makes the sampling clock independent of the timing control so that timing adjustment is realized completely through digital disposal. The issue of interpolation in timing synchronization is discussed.

首先，介绍了定时同步实现的数学基础，即信号参数估计理论；从定时参数的最大似然估计出发，介绍了基于数据辅助的定时同步方法和基于非数据辅助的定时同步方法，他们在实际的数字通信系统中均有广泛应用；论文探讨了数字信号处理中插值理论在定时同步中的应用，它使得接收端的采样时钟独立于定时控制，定时调整完全通过数字处理方法得以实现。

This paper develops a nonparametric model of interest rate term structure dynamics based on a stochastic spot rate process and nonparametric kernel estimation.

本文在现有利率期限结构理论的基础上，利用随机过程原理和非参数核估计法，建立非参数利率期限结构动态模型。

One problem which should be solved is how to determine window width when theories and methods of nonparametric kernel density are employed to simulate stand structures,which is also the core of applying the nonparametric kernel density estimation in practice and directly related to simulation precision.

应用非参数核密度估计理论和方法，对林分结构进行模拟中，一个必须解决的问题就是窗宽的确定，这也是非参数核密度估计在实际应用中的核心问题，它直接影响模拟精度。

In the parameter estimation of the probability of default model,nonrandom sample selection will cause sample selec- tion bias and bring biased parameter estimation.

在贷款违约概率模型的参数估计过程中，样本选择的非随机性会产生样本选择性偏差，导致参数估计有偏。

Distribution free statistical procedures or methods valid under nonrestrictive assumptions: basic tools; counting methods; order statistics, ranks; distribution free tests and associated interval and point estimators; sign test; signed rank tests; rank tests; Mann Whitney Wilcoxon procedures; Kolmogorov Smirnov tests; permutation methods; methods for discrete data with zeros and ties; computer techniques and programs; discussion and comparison with parametric methods.

非参数统计引论：无限制性假定时的无分布统计方法：基本工具，计数法，顺序统计量，秩，无分布检验与关联的区间估计和点估计，符号检验，符号秩检验，秩检验， Mann Whitney Wilcoxon 检验； Kolmogorov Smirnov 检验，排列检验法，含有零值和同分值的离散数据的处理方法；计算技术与编程，与参数方法的比较。

Distribution free statistical procedures or methods valid under nonrestrictive assumptions: basic tools; counting methods; order statistics, ranks; distribution free tests and associated interval and point estimators; sign test; signed rank tests; rank tests; Mann Whitney Wilcoxon procedures; Kolmogorov

非参数统计引论：无限制性假定时的无分布统计方法：基本工具，计数法，顺序统计量、秩，无分布检验与关联的区间估计和点估计，符号检验，符号秩检验，秩检验， Mann Whitney Wilcoxon 检验； Kolmogorov Smirnov 检验，排列检验法，含有零值和同分值的离散数据的处理方法；计算技术与编程，与参数方法的比较。

To reduce the influence of an unsynchronized sample sequence on FFT and improve the precision of harmonic in a power system, the harmonic estimation based on interpolation FFT algorithm is proposed. The estimation based on five coefficients of Rife-Vincent window is discussed in detail and the formulas for estimating harmonic patameters are deduced.

由于快速傅里叶变换在非同步采样时存在较大的误差，无法直接用于电力系统谐波分析，本文提出了一种基于五项窗Rife-Vincent插值FFT算法的谐波参数估计的新方法，并推导了其谐波参数估计公式。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。