非参数估计

Secondly, by the P-L estimation of survivor function, this paper proposed the regression models of polynomial cumulative hazard function distribution models, respectively in the case of complete date and random right censoring date; meanwhile generalized least squares estimations of unknown parameters were proposed respectively using two steps algorithm and principal component analysis algorithm.

与已有的关于多项式危险函数模型的研究成果相比，首先本文在统计模型的构造上充分考虑了累积危险函数乘积限估计量的非独立性，给出了协方差矩阵的估计；其次在模型检验方面，本文利用非参数回归分析方法，充分利用了数据本身的信息，减少了对回归关系假定的主观因素，因而分析结果更为可靠。

Time-Frequency parameter estimation and direction finding for nonstationary signals impinging on an antenna array over a wide frequency band (2~18GHz) is under in-vestigation, and a new method for parameter and 2-D Angle-Of-Arrival estimation of spatio-temporal undersampled LFM sources is proposed in this paper.

摘要针对宽频段(2-18GHz)内非平稳来波信号的参数估计和测向问题，提出一种时空欠采样线性调频信号参数与二维到达角联合估计方法。

The system parameters are determined by optimizing an output-error cost function. To deal with the non-uniqueness of the fully parameterized state-space system, a projected gradient search algorithm is presented by restricting the update of the parameters to the tangent space to the manifold of observationally equivalent state-space systems. The sufficient condition to employ L-M algorithm for optimizing parameters is also introduced. The proposed hierarchical optimization identificationmethod includes two steps: First, the parameter search direction is determined by the proposed adaptive L-M projected gradient approach; Second, the optimum step size is computed according to a line search method.

通过极小化输出误差目标函数获得了系统参数估计；提出了正交梯度搜索方法用于解决系统参数的非唯一性问题，正交梯度搜索的本质是在输入-输出等价类相切平面的正交垂空间更新系统参数；给出了用 L-M 算法进行参数优化的充分条件；提出的系统参数递阶优化辨识方法包括两步：首先用给出的自适应 L-M 算子正交梯度方法确定参数优化方向；其次由一维搜索方法计算最佳步长。

Finally, to explain the advantage and shortcoming of nonparametric analysis and parametric analysis, and introduce some main shapes of nonpametric regression model: Fourier series, kernel estimators, and spline smoothing. In the meantime, we give the approximate theory and approximate distribution theory of these methods.

阐述了非参数回归分析和参数回归分析的优缺点，介绍了非参数回归模型的几种主要形式：富氏级数，核估计量和样条平滑，给出了这些方法的逼近理论和逼近分布情况。

In the second chapter, we mainly study the robust estimation of mean components in generalized semiparametric mixed models , including robust estimation of regression parameters and nonparametric function.

第二章主要研究了广义半参数混合效应模型均值部分的稳健估计问题，包括回归参数和非参数函数的稳健估计。

As to nonparametric and semiparametric regression models, the most widely used regression methods include: local smoothness, including Nadaraya-Watson kernel estimate, Gasser-Muller estimate, local polynomial method; spline method(such as smoothing spline, spline penalies and so on); other is orthogonal series estimates, such as Fourier series and so on.

本文主要介绍Nadaraya-Watson核估计方法对非参数模型估计的思路和估计方法，变系数模型中函数系数的局部多项式估计，包括估计思路，估计计算。

Topics covered include: density estimation incorporating such topics as kernel density estimates, nearest neighbor estimates, variable kernel methods, orthogonal series estimates, maximum penalized likelihood estimates

包括：密度估计（如：核密度估计，最近邻估计，可变核方法，正交序列估计，最大补偿似然估计法，带宽选择），非参数回归(如：核方法，样条方法，补偿似然估计，带宽选择，广义可加模型，)和bootstrapping方法。

Density and regression estimation when no parametric model is assumed.

非参数统计推断：平滑方法：非参数统计推断平滑方法：无假定的参数模型时的密度和回归估计。

Objective To elucidate and compare the parametric method and non-parametricmethod in estimation of the area under ROC curve, so as to provide a basis fortheir application in diagnosis assessment.

中文摘要：目的本研究旨在以ROC曲线分析的理论与实例相结合的方式，阐述Hanley和McNeil非参数法、双正态模型参数法估计ROC曲线下面积，以及通过两个小样本(每组例数均＜100)实例探讨两种估计方法结果的差异，为医务工作者选择适宜的ROC曲线下面积的估计方法提供参考。

Because of the sampling processing, we can take the simple concave domain analysis and ICM optimization in two different levels, so as to make both the parameter estimation and optimization much easier to implement, while delivering a satisfactory result; The third one is based on the multi-resolution analysis, robust statistics and majority game theory. 4. Propose a new clustering algorithm based on the entropy concept, which is used for unsupervised segmentation of color images.

重点讨论非监督的图象分割问题，并给出了三种新方法：一是基于贝叶斯学习和全局竞争策略的方法，把参数估计和图象分割有机地结合在一起；二是基于分层的框架，从抽样定理出发，在两个不同的层次上使用简单的凹域分析和ICM优化，可以使得参数估计和优化问题都变得简单易行，并得到满意的结果；三是基于多级分析、鲁棒统计的参数估计和多数博弈论的优化算法。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。