非

A matrix which has a set of complete eigenvector system can be similar orthogonally to a diagonal one through reduce it to Jordan＇s normal form, and based on this property, the reducing matrix was taken as the transformation one.

针对非经典阻尼振动线性系统，为消除非经典阻尼项给求解带来的困难，通过引入矩阵函数变换消除了原系统的阻尼条件项，将非经典阻尼振动微分方程转化为拟时不变经典阻尼方程。

Since Leptokurtosis, skewness and fat-tail are always used to depict market risk, this paper introduces the improved Laplace distribution to risk management of stock portfolio. Empirical results show, improved Laplace distribution and asymmetric Laplace distribution are similar for estimating Leptokurtosis, while improved Laplace distribution is better for estimating skewness.In order to analyze the correlation between return distribution and volatility, the thesis uses ARCH-M Models to simulate the return series of China's Stock Market and developed markets ao as to discover the relation between investment return and time-varying risk.

对尖峰、厚尾、偏态的刻画有助于正确估计市场风险，本文将改进型Laplace分布引入到股票组合的风险管理中，实证结果发现，改进型Laplace分布和非对称Laplace分布对尖峰、厚尾的刻画效果接近；而非对称Laplace分布对负偏性考察不足，改进型Laplace分布的拟合结果能够准确地反映股指收益的负偏态，这也正是改进型Laplace分布相对于传统的非对称Laplace分布的优势所在。

In this paper,the definition modes of Lebesgue integral of non-negative measurable functions are studied by the way of cutting defining and valued rids,approaching with simple function series.The four definitions of Lebesgue integral of non-negative measurable functions are given.Furthermore,their e- quivalence properties are proved by elementary knowledge.

文献〔1」利用非负可测函数在Ef镇司上积分的极限定义了f在有界可测集E上的L积分；文献[2」利用非负递增简单函数列积分的极限定义了非负可测函数的L积分；文献[3]给出了L积分的一种统一定义；文献〔4一6〕分别证明了测度

When since the late Moghul Dynasty, conflicts occurred between Islamic legitimism and liberalism, which influenced Sufism. Standing by legitimism, Sufi Sheer Sindi of Silsila Nagshbandiya challenged Sufi liberalism and accused that liberal thought is a basic reason to cause the crisis of Islamic belief.

第四章，进入莫卧儿王朝末期，伊斯兰教正统派与开明派之间的斗争反映并影响到苏非派，纳格西本迪派苏非希尔欣迪站在正统派的立场，向苏非自由派提出挑战，指责自由派思想是导致伊斯兰教信仰危机的根本原因。

In order to obtain more general solution of second order linear differential equation with constant coefficients, which is important in theory and practice, on the basis of knowing a special of the second order linear differential equation with constant coefficients and by using the method of variation of constant, the second order linear differential equation with constant coefficients is transferred to the reduced differential equation and a general formula of the second order linear differential equation with constant coefficients is derived.

为了更多地得到理论上和应用上占有重要地位的二阶常系数线性非齐次微分方程的通解，这里使用常数变易法，在先求得二阶常系数线性齐次微分方程一个特解的情况下，将二阶常系数线性非齐次微分方程转化为可降阶的微分方程，从而给出了一种运算量较小的二阶常系数线性非齐次微分方程通解的一般公式，并且将通解公式进行了推广，实例证明该方法是可行的。

First, the reason behind the negative data is analyzed and a nonnegative constraint is imposed on the classic PCA. Then a set of nonnegative linear independence weight vectors of principal components is obtained, by which a low dimensional space is constructed. Finally, a nonlinear optimization technique is used to determine the projection vectors of the high-dimensional multi-spectral data in the constructed space.

首先分析主成分分析法产生非光谱数据的原因，据此对经典主成分分析模型增加非负约束；然后求出一组线性无关的非负主成分权向量，用该组向量构造低维空间；最后用非线性优化技术确定高维数据在该低维空间中的投影值，实现了高维空间与低维空间的相互转换。

In this paper, we continue thestudy of Jordan multiplicative maps, Jordan triple multiplicative maps, elementarymaps, Jordan-triple elementary maps, Lie-skew multiplicative maps, Lie and Jordanderivation, 2-local isomorphism, local derivation and 2-local derivation on some operatoralgebrac.

这些算子代数包括一类非常重要的非自伴非半单非素的算子代数，即套代数。

A logic gate is an AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, or exclusive OR.

逻辑门分为：与门，或门，非门，与非门，或非门，和异或门。

In the related field abroad, a lot of studies and theories on NPO have been maturely developed.

在国外，对非公开发行的研究有很多，非公开发行的相关理论也日趋成熟，而在国内，无论是在理论上还是在实证上，涉及对非公开发行的研究却寥寥无几。

The playback method includes a first step of outputting stereo audio signals using the monaural audio signal if the necessary stereo process information is not supplied; a second step of starting updating stereo variables within filters, and outputting the stereo audio signals using the monaural audio signal until all the state variables are updated, if the necessary stereo process information is supplied; and a third step of performing the stereo process based on stereo process information acquired by the necessary stereo process information, on the monaural audio signal to generate and output stereo audio signals, if all the state variables within the filters are updated.

该再生方法包括：第一步骤，如果没有提供立体声处理必需信息，则输出使用了非立体声音频信号的立体声音频信号；第二步骤，如果提供了立体声处理必需信息，则开始更新滤波器内的状态变量，并输出使用了非立体声音频信号的立体声音频信号，直到更新完所有的状态变量；以及第三步骤，如果更新完滤波器内的所述状态变量，则对非立体声音频信号执行基于通过立体声处理必需信息获取的立体声处理信息的立体声处理，并生成并输出立体声音频信号。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。