静脉造影术

Results: 15 cases of patients were diagnosed as primary ureteral carcinoma by B-ultrasonography, intravenous pyelogram, cystoscopy and retrograde urography, CT, MRI, ureteroscopy before operation. all of the patients were proved to be transitional cell carcinoma by pathological examination after operation.

结果：术前15例患者经B超、静脉肾盂造影、膀胱镜及逆行肾盂输尿管造影、输尿管镜等检查诊断为原发性检尿管癌。18例患者均经术后病理检查确诊为原发性输尿管癌。

All patients underwent left ventriculography before catheter closure and rechecked echocardiography, ECG, chest X_ray at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after the procedures.

术中在右前斜45度下行左室造影、建立股动静脉轨道、经右心系统释放封堵器，并分别于术后2周、1个月、3个月、6个月进行随访。

All patients underwent left ventriculography before catheter closure, and the closure was monitorded under the transthoracic echocardiography and fluoroscopy guidance.

封堵术前常规行左室造影，在经胸超声心动图及透视监测下通过建立股动静脉轨道、经右心系统释放封堵器。

All patients underwent femoral venipuncture catheterization examination to insert the occluder. Patent ductus arteriosus and ventricular septal defect needed femoral artery puncture operation. Aortic arch descending part or left ventricular ventriculography was performed before occlusion to further clarify the diagnosis and surgical indications and help choose occluder type. Angiography was repeated after surgery to judge the effect. Patients with atrial septal defect and ventricular septal were defected with conventional transthoracic echocardiography monitoring and evaluation.

患者均经股静脉穿刺行右心导管检查及送入封堵器械，动脉导管未闭和室间隔缺损需经股动脉穿刺，封堵前行主动脉弓降部或左室造影以进一步明确诊断和适应证，帮助选择封堵器的型号，术后重复造影以判断封堵效果；房间隔缺损和室间隔缺损患者术中常规行经胸超声心动图监测和评价。

Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in 245 cases with portal hypertension treated with PCDV or PSRS plus PCDV. The diameter, blood flow velocity and blood flow of portal vein, splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein were measured by magnetic resonance angiograph at 1 week preoperatively and at 2 week postoperatively.

回顾性总结近8年采用脾肾分流加门奇断流联合手术和门奇断流术治疗门静脉高压症245例，于术前一周和术后2周应用核磁共振血管造影测量门静脉、脾静脉和肠系膜上静脉的直径，流速和流量，并于术中动态测量门静脉压力。

BACKGROUND: Saphenous vein grafts and pedicled right gastroepiploic artery grafts are routinely used to revascularize the right coronary artery. Little is known about the predictive value of objective pre-operative angiographic parameters on the 6-month graft patency and on the interest of these parameters to select the optimal graft material in individual cases.

背景：大隐静脉（SVG和胃网膜动脉（RGEA常规用于右冠状动脉血运重建，但观察术前冠脉造影参数对6个月未闭冠脉移植及利用这些参数在不同个体选择合适移植物尚很少研究。

Cases with epilepsy before operation lightened symptoms during the period of follow-up . We realized that : 1. The arteriovenous malformation of posterior cerebral artery has a high genesic rate and most of them have intracranial hemorrhage as the first symptoms . 2. To diagnose early by angiography , particular DSA . 3. To remove hematoma early by microscope certainly .

我们体会：①大脑后动脉动静脉畸形是发生率较高的脑血管畸形，而多以急生出血为首发症状；②尽快造影明确诊断，应积极行DSA检查；③尽早手术清除血肿，术中一定要在手术显微镜下操作。

VR－ 3D was found to be a fast noninvasive and effective method to image complex vascular structures.It can take the place of angiography in arteriovenous malformation,meningioma and bigger intravertebral blood vessel branch embolism.

VR－3D血管造影是快速而有效的无创伤血管成像术，优于SSD及MIP，其中动静脉畸形、脑膜瘤、较大脑内血管分支阻塞可替代血管造影。

Methods The clinical data of 12 patients from Mar 1993 to Jun 2008 with retrocaval ureter were retrospectively analyzed. All the 12 cases were correctly diagnosed preoperatively via the combination of imaging examinations, such as ultrasonography intravenous pyelography、retrograde pyelography、CT or magnetic resonance urography. Ten patients received conventional open surgery and two received retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureteral replacement and ureteroplasty.

总结分析1993年3月至2008年6月12例腔静脉后输尿管患者的临床资料。12例患者术前均经B超、静脉肾盂造影(intravenous pyelography， IVP)、逆行肾盂造影(retrograde pyelography， RP)、CT、磁共振尿路水成像(magnetic resonance urography， MRU)等影像学检查明确诊断，其中10例采用传统的开放手术，2例采用后腹腔镜下输尿管复位矫正术。

Methods A total of 36 patients with advanced renal cancer were definitely diagnosed by IVP, US, CT or MRI examination. A 5F Yashiro catheter was introduced into the femoral artery with Seldinger's technique under local anesthesia, abdominal aortagraphy and renal arteriography in both sides of kidneys were performed routinely to display the blood supplying arteries of tumor, thereafter, renal embolization was performed under superselective catherization for chemotherapeutic embolizing. Then the clinical effect was observed, the amount of blood loss and the operation time were recorded. All these results were compared with that of randomly selected 17 patients before surgical operation with advanced renal cancer admitted during the recent 3 years but without embolization.

36例中晚期肾癌患者，均经临床检查、静脉肾盂造影、B超、CT或MRI检查而确诊；采用Seldinger's技术，局部麻醉下经一侧股动脉穿刺插管，引入5F Yashiro导管，常规行腹主动脉及双肾动脉造影，以显示肿瘤的供血动脉，再将导管超选择插管或尽可能接近肿瘤病灶，进行化疗栓塞，观察其临床改善情况，计算术中失血量及手术时间，并与随机抽取我院近3年所做的17例术前未行肿瘤供血动脉栓塞的肾癌患者进行对照。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。