静脉窦

The way to manage the hilus renalis and renal sinus from the inferior pole of kidney in retroperitoneal laparoscopic operation is safe and reliable. At the same time, it increases the stereoscopy of operation.

经肾下极途径在后腹腔镜中处理肾动静脉血管及肾窦，增加了后腹腔镜中处理肾血管及肾窦的手术立体感，安全可靠。

The third hole is 40mm anterior to the first one with its inferior rim on the level of zygoma arch.

观察天幕窦的位置、形状、走行、桥静脉汇入天幕窦的位置，研究安全切开天幕的方法。

The second hole is 30mm behind the first one with its inferior rim 15mm above the extended line of the superior rim of zygoma arch.

第二部分后颞部静脉、天幕窦的应用解剖研究目的：探讨颞部外侧面引流静脉，尤其Labbé氏静脉的解剖变异。

In an attempt to determine non-invasively the sino-atrial conduction time, we recorded the sinus node electric activity by placing bipolar electrodes at the level of the right atrium anteroposteriorly across the chest of the dog.

本实验采用成年狗，以6极心导管电极从颈外静脉插至上腔静脉与右心房交界处，能记录到一个在心电图P波以前19—26毫秒的&P前波&。通过夹除窦房结和高血钾等实验证明，&P前波&可与P波分离而存在，并随窦房结夹除而消失。

Methods Twelve patients with open maxillary or frontal sinus defects have been repaired with this type of flap. The homolateral superficial temporal vessels were used as nutritional vein to form the temporal fascia island flap of the top superficial temporal artery and the island skin flap of the frontal superficial temporal artery.

对上颌窦、额窦开放性缺损12例患者，利用同侧颞浅动脉、静脉作为供养血管，形成颞浅动脉顶支颞筋膜岛状组织瓣和额支额部岛状皮瓣，通过皮下组织隧道将组织块移植到缺损的副鼻窦区，进行副鼻窦窦腔的充填和皮肤缺损的修复。

Later, under the untypical parasternal four-chamber view which can thoroughly display the ostium of coronary sinus, the catheter was promoted further to the ostium of coronary venous sinus. Then the echocardiography technician adjusted the transducer of TTE in order to thoroughly confirm the position of the catheter tip. After confirming the position of catheter tip in the coronary venous sinus, the operator inserted the catheter into the coronary venous sinus for 3～4 mm farther. It was noted that if resistance was encountered by operator, the operation must be stopped, which was the same as x-ray fluroscopy as image guiding. TTE guiding His bundle elactric cahteter、high right atrium electric cahteter and right ventricular electric catheter in site: It is difficult using TTE singly since there are too many crossroads in inferior venous.

本研究结果显示，(1)单独应用TTE作为影像学引导进行冠状窦电极导管置放的成功率为93.8％～96.7％，并且应用TTE作为影像学引导放置专用冠状窦电极导管和普通电极导管的成功率和放置时间在统计学上无显著差异；(2)TTE作为影像学引导，除过度肥胖患者外，可完全替代X线引导进行冠状窦电极导管置放，包括鞘管和扩张管的放置、指引导丝在静脉而非动脉内的证实均可由TTE完成引导，且较X线C型臂有一定优越性；(3)TTE结合普通X线胃肠透视机作为影像学导引，可顺利完成心内电生理检查时导管的安全到位，而不需昂贵的X线C型臂，可将心内电生理检查扩大到广大的基层医院；(4)TTE较X线更易和更早期发现介入治疗的并发症如急性心包填塞等，对并发症的防治甚至挽救病人的生命至为重要；(5)动物实验研究表明，TEE可引导射频导管消融术时大头电极导管成功到位。

Methods In 6 selected swine, the arterial-venous shunt between the rete mirabile and the cavernous sinus was developed by transorbital puncture of the rete mirabile and cavernous sinus with a needle.

方法采用家猪6头，经眶用穿刺针穿刺海绵窦，在猪的颅底血管网和海绵窦之间形成动静脉交通。

When the coronary sinus is unsuitable for transvenous biventricular pacing, a transseptal approach from the right to left atrium can allow endocardial left ventricular pacing with permanent anticoagulant therapy, instead of epicardial pacing via the branches of the coronary sinus.

当冠脉窦不适合经静脉双腔起搏后，右房至左房的隔膜通路手术需要经永久抗凝血疗法后进行左心室内膜起搏手术，而不是经冠脉窦分支的心外膜起搏。

Meanwhile, it receives one or more veins and is closely correlated with theⅥ,Ⅸ,Ⅹ,Ⅺcranial nerves on the way. With the development of microsurgery of the petro-occipital and jugular foramen regions and the application of diagnosis and therapy of skull base and cavernous sinus diseases via IJV approach, it is necessary to study the imaging anatomy of IPS, its important adjacent nerves and its anastomosis with related veins in detail.

随着岩斜区及颈静脉孔区肿瘤切除等显微外科手术的开展以及经颈内静脉诊断和介入治疗颅底和海绵窦病变的逐渐应用，有必要对IPS的影像解剖学、重要神经毗邻及其与相关静脉的吻合情况进行详尽研究。

The relationship between parasagittal meningiomas and draining veins of brain surface can be identified by MR brain surface anatomy scanning, which can evaluate the draining veins correctly and direct to protect the key draining vein, especially the draining vein in functional area of brain surface. It plays important role in the protection of neurological function and the recovery of the postoperation.

磁共振脑表面成像技术能在术前明确矢状窦旁脑膜瘤与脑表面回流静脉之间关系，可在术前对患者肿瘤表面脑回流静脉做出正确的评估，对脑表面重要回流静脉的保护提供了准确的影像学依据，对患者神经功能的保护及术后恢复起到重要作用。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。