静脉的

Anatomical study proved:①.4~8 nutritional vessels of sural nerve –small saphenous vein were the intermuscular perforators of peroneal artery, the furthermost one located at(1.0±1.3)cm above the tip of external malleolus with diameter (0.6±0.2)mm;②.2~6 musculocutaneous perforators were given off by the artery of outer head of gastrocnemius muscle to supply nutrition to the sural nerve-small saphenous vein;③.intermuscular perforators from peroneal artery supplied blood to fibula and outer head of soleus muscle.the perforators with an average outer diameter of （1.3-1.6）cm gave off cutaneous branch ,fascial branch and nutritional vessels to the sural nerve-small saphenous vein,which formed the vessel chain of the sural nerve-small saphenous vein ,sub-fascial and suprafascial vessel net.

结果：1、解剖实验证实：①、腓肠神经-小隐静脉营养血管来自腓动脉肌间隔穿支4～8支，最远的跟外侧动脉穿支距外踝尖上(1.0±1.3)cm，外径(0.6±0.2)mm。②、腓肠肌外侧头动脉沿途发2-6支的肌皮穿支营养腓肠神经-小隐静脉。③、腓动脉肌间隔穿支营养腓骨、比目鱼肌外侧半。上述穿皮支平均外径在0.3～1.6mm，发出皮支、筋膜支、腓肠神经-小隐静脉营养血管，形成腓肠神经-小隐静脉血管链以及深、浅筋膜血管网。

Puncture into Attain long sheath of CS through left infraclavicular vein, guided by CS pipe, take sheath into CS, make reverse contrast of heart vein with Attain saccule contrast pipe, put the left ventricle electric pole into the vein through sheath, then bring it into right ventricle apex and right cardiac ear through the electric pole of right ventricle and atrium, connect it with 3-cavity pulse generator, which is buried under left chest skin.

方法］经左锁骨下静脉穿刺送入Attain冠状静脉窦长鞘，在CS导管的导引下，将鞘送人CS，用Attain球囊造影导管进行心脏静脉逆行造影，将左心室电极经长鞘放入选择的静脉，送人右心室及右心房电极至右室心尖和右心耳。与三腔脉冲发生器连接，脉冲发生器埋藏于左上胸皮下。

With 3D-doctor software, kidney, adrenal, ureter, abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, the nephritic artery and vein, the lymph nodes beside abdominal aorta, thoracic duct, the intrailiac artery and vein, pelvis, spermaduct, prostate, the prostatic plexus, bladder, male urethra and internal obturator muscle were segmented and three-dimensional reconstructed in P4 computer. 3. With photoshop7.0 software, the major organs of the male urological and reproductive system such as ureter, bladder, urethra, prostate were segmented and the grey- color mode images through segmentation were imported to AMIRA software.

应用连续图像分割软件3D-DOCTOR，分别对肾脏、肾上腺、输尿管、腹主动脉、下腔静脉、肾动静脉、腹腔淋巴结、胸导管、主动脉旁淋巴结、髂内外动静脉、骨盆、股骨、输精管、附睾、前列腺、前列腺周围静脉丛、膀胱、男性尿道、直肠、闭孔内肌、肛提肌、尾骨肌等结构进行结构数据的分割与提取，并在PentiumⅣ计算机上完成已分割结构的三维重建。

When dragging common iliac vein medially for the exposure of the disc space, both the ascending lumbar and the iliolumbar veins were always at the risk of avulsion.

髂腰静脉和腰升静脉是下腰椎很重要的解剖结构，腹腔镜手术显露下腰椎时应注意在牵拉髂总静脉时暴露和结扎这两个静脉，是手术避免血管破裂导致大出血的关键。

The display rate was 100% for peri-pancreatic big veins, including splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein, and portal vein; 85.3% and 77.3% for small veins of pancreatic head, including ante-superior pancreaticoduodenal vein, gasticocolonal trunk and its branches.

对胰腺周围大静脉（脾静脉，肠系膜上静脉，门静脉主干）的显示率为100%；胰头部小静脉（胰十二指肠上前静脉，胃结肠干及其属支）的显示率为85.3%和77.3%。

The regeneration of paramedian sectors was equivalent.Conclusion: Cadaveric vein allograft is safe,simple,and effective in adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation for hepatic vein reconstruction.

采用在4℃ UW液中保存7 d以内的尸体静脉移植物重建肝Ⅴ、Ⅷ段肝静脉粗大属支以及右肝下静脉是一种简单、安全和有效的成人间右半肝活体肝移植肝静脉重建方法。

Based on our results, 6 patients underwent reconstruction of the digital skin defects with the exposure of the bone or the muscular tendon using three kinds of venous flaps preserving the perivenous soft tissuepedical, the length of pedical was 1cm～3cm, the wide of pedical was 0. 6cm～0.8cm, the size of the flap was 1. 3cm×3cm～1. 5cm×6cm. All flaps survived, and satisfactory results were obtained in all these cases.

在上述研究的基础上，作者设计了三种类型的指背静脉皮瓣应用于临床，共10个皮瓣修复手指皮肤深度缺损6例，其中静脉周围组织蒂长1cm～3cm，静脉周围组织蒂宽0.6cm～0.8cm；静脉皮瓣面积1.2cm×3cm～1.5cm×6cm，术后皮瓣全部成活，获得良好效果。

Human brain bridging veins may be the key point of brain vein blood outflow volume because of existing of "outflow cuff segment": ICP increased, outflow resistance increased, outflow volume reduced, then caused the aggravatation of vein blood deposition in vein bed. Such a sequent procedure formed an infernal circle: ICP increase-vein outflow reduce-vein blood deposition-ICP increase all the better.

该部分研究结果发现，由于流出口狭部的存在，人脑桥静脉是脑静脉血液流出被动调节机制的关键环节，颅内压增高，流出阻力增加，流出量减少，进而又加重了血液在静脉血管床的淤积，形成颅内压增高-静脉流出量减少-静脉血淤积-颅内压进一步增高的恶性循环。

Results According to morphology, there were 3 types of superficial venous trunks in the flaps:"I" type,"Y" type and branch type. All types of the superfical venous trunks were the major passages in the venous drainage of the flaps. If the superficial venous trunks were occluded in pedicles, the venous drainage of the flaps almost stoped.

结果：根据形态可将逆行皮瓣中的浅静脉千分为3种类型：&I&形，&Y&形和树枝形，各种类型的浅静脉干都是皮瓣静脉逆向回流的主要通道，如果在蒂部将浅静脉干闭塞，皮瓣的静脉回流基本停滞。

The particular arrangement of veins in the telencephalon permits them to flow in both directions via medullary veins, as seen with certain disorders, such as deep arteriovenous malformations, Sturge-Weber disease, and the developmental venous anomalies[60], possibly explaining the small diameter and unimportance of parenchymal lesions when such a vein is thrombosed.

这种特殊的解剖分布使得端脑内的静脉可以通过脑穿通髓静脉产生双向血流，这一点在脑深部动静脉畸形、Sturge-Weber病/斯特季-韦伯二氏病/脑眼颜面血管瘤病、脑静脉发育异常等疾病中都可观察到，同时也可以解释当这些静脉受累形成血栓时常产生较小的、甚至不容易被发现的病灶。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。