静脉内的

Firstly, the establishment of model requires sophisticated neurointerventional techniques and costly interventional materials(sacculus, minikin circlip ring, endovascular electrocoagulation), it not only consumed time but also increased the resesrch expense ; Secondly, although the Massoud model is the first successful model that contain the nidus, but it is far from mimicking the high-flow fistulae frequently observed in a brain AVM; Thirdly, the rapid spontaneous thrombosis result in fistula occlusion in a short time;Fouthly, the model's natural course and the long–term patency of fistula are unclear;Currently the model is only used for the short-term research.

但Massoud模型目前存在以下主要缺点：第一，模型的建立需要复杂的神经介入技术和昂贵的介入材料(球囊、微弹簧圈、血管内电凝等)，操作费时，又大大增加了研究费用；第二，Massoud模型虽然首次具备了畸形血管团，但它远不是我们临床上常见的含有高流量动静脉瘘的脑AVM；第三，颈动静脉吻合口自发性血栓形成进而导致引流静脉闭塞的机率很高；第四，Massoud模型的长期自然过程和动静脉吻合口的长期通畅性尚不清楚，目前仅仅作为急性期模型。

During the BVs come from the section off the encephalon to the subdural section, the SMC phenotype diversion from synthesis phenotype to shrink phenotype. The function of BVs of different sections in the regulation and control cerebral outflow may be distinct.

桥静脉近脑段至硬膜下隙段，SMC含量逐渐降低，SMC从合成型逐渐转向收缩型，不同段的桥静脉管壁内的SMC在调控脑静脉血回流中作用不同。

Another catheter was inserted into the left cervial vein for continuous infusion. Blood samoles were drawn at0, 5, 10, 15, 30and60min after injection. and at-10, 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100and120min when the infusion started. After injectino Acesulfame K 150mo/ko b. w the olasma insulin increased at5min without any sionificant chanoe in the blood olucose. Infusion of Aceuslfame K (20 mo/ko b.

在静脉注射的实验中，分别于注射试剂开始后0、5、10、15、30和60分钟时采集血样品；在静脉输入实验中，于试剂输入开始的-10、0、10、20、30、40、50、60、80、100和120分钟采集血样品；在向大鼠静脉内注射Acesulfame K（150mg/kg体重）后，血浆胰岛素水平在5分钟内明显升高，而不伴有血糖的显著改变。

Phlebitis can last for years; in such cases, irritation of the vein's inner lining leads to blood-clot formation, a condition known as thrombophlebitis.

静脉炎能够持续数年，在这样的情况下，静脉内衬的刺激会导致血块形成，这种情形称为血栓性静脉炎。

The results obtained are as follows:(1) intrarenal artery injection of capsaicin (20, 40, and 60 nmol/kg) increased the renal afferent nerve activity in a dose-dependent manner with unchanged arterial pressure;(2) pretreatment with ruthenium red (40 mmol/kg), a capsaicin receptor antagonist, completely abolished the effect of capsaicin; and (3) pretreatment with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME ( N6-nitro-L-arginine methylester, 0.1 mmol/kg), significantly enhanced the ARNA response to capsaicin.

结果表明：(1)肾动脉内注射辣椒素20、40和60nmol/kg可呈剂量依赖性地兴奋肾传入纤维的活动，而动脉血压不变；(2)静脉内预先应用辣椒素受体阻断剂钌红(40 mmok/kg)，可完全阻断辣椒素对肾传入纤维的兴奋作用。(3)静脉内预先注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-NAME(0.1 mmok/kg)，能延长并增强肾传入神经对辣椒素的反应。

The faciform ligament is an important sign of laparoscopic liver surgery and a way of collateral circulation of liver. The superior liver artery found and named in this research can be an important sign to judge the position of hepatic vein. The operation pathway by cutting down the perihepatic ligament next to the superior border of liver is a quick way with little blood. It is difficult to hurt diaphragm and hepatic vein, and the secundum porta hepatic can be showed clearly. As a rule, we break the hepatic vein in the hepatic parenchyma on laparoscopic hepatectomy. But in some situation, extrahepatic treatment was used.

镰状韧带是腹腔镜肝脏外科入路的重要标志，是肝脏侧枝循环的重要途径；本文所发现并命名的肝上动脉可以作为判定肝静脉位置的重要标志；紧贴肝上缘打开肝周韧带，不易损伤膈肌和肝静脉，出血少、速度快，可以使第二肝门获得良好的手术显露；腹腔镜肝切除时一般在肝实质内切断肝静脉，在个别情况也可以预先在第二肝门结扎切断肝静脉。

Objective To compare the curative effect of high ligation+exfoliation and subfascial endoscopic perforator surgeryfor superficial varicose veins in calf+invagination spot-striping surgery in great venous varicosity.

目的对比研究传统大隐静脉高位结扎加分段剥脱术和腔镜下小腿交通静脉断离加大隐静脉内翻式点状抽剥术的疗效。

ABTRACT Objective To evaluate the value and long term complication of Z type stent placed in inferior vena cava and hepatic veins. Methods Patients with stent emplaced in IVC and HV from 1990 to 2008 were involved, and the cause of long term complications were analized.

目的 评价Z型血管内支架在下腔静脉和肝静脉植入的价值与远期并发症方法回顾性分析1990-2008年间植入下腔静脉和肝静脉支架发生远期并发症的原因。

The particular arrangement of veins in the telencephalon permits them to flow in both directions via medullary veins, as seen with certain disorders, such as deep arteriovenous malformations, Sturge-Weber disease, and the developmental venous anomalies[60], possibly explaining the small diameter and unimportance of parenchymal lesions when such a vein is thrombosed.

这种特殊的解剖分布使得端脑内的静脉可以通过脑穿通髓静脉产生双向血流，这一点在脑深部动静脉畸形、Sturge-Weber病/斯特季-韦伯二氏病/脑眼颜面血管瘤病、脑静脉发育异常等疾病中都可观察到，同时也可以解释当这些静脉受累形成血栓时常产生较小的、甚至不容易被发现的病灶。

To confirm the hypothesis that the pathogenic mechanism of air infusion in the circulatory system is not bubble blockade of blood vessels but the consequence of anoxia of the vital organs,different amounts of air were injected into the great sapenous vein of 22 dogs,and then heart rate,cardiac rhythm and bubble sound were monitored with a Doppler probe at the precordial region.

为探讨循环系统内注入空气致病机理，向22只狗大隐静脉内注入不等量空气并在心前区用Doppler监测心率、心律和气泡音。结果发现，维持心前区Ⅳ级气泡音的17只狗，依次出现呼吸和心率加快、心律紊乱、心率缓慢、腹式呼吸加强，其中12只狗继续缓慢注入空气至呼吸停止，任选10只狗胸外按压，8只狗复苏后行为无异常，2只狗未能复活。另2只狗呼吸停止后立即尸检，可见右心房、室、腔静脉和肺血管中有大量气泡。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。