静脉

In addition, the basilic vein could cross above or below the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve.

在肘部抽血时，如遇肘正中静脉缺如，以穿刺贵要静脉为宜；穿刺置管时如遇头静脉插管困难，以选择贵要静脉为宜。

Results The complication incidence of external jugular vein catheterization group is significantly lower than that of basilic vein catheterization group (P .05);Patients satisfaction and clinical care of external jugular vein catheterization group are higher than those of basilica vein catheterization group as well.

结果：颈外静脉置管组并发症发生率明显低于贵要静脉组(P.05)；颈外静脉置管组病人满意度及临床应用护理也高于贵要静脉置管组。

The aponeurosis bicipitalis lay in deep of the basilic vein, which separated the basilica vein from brachial artery and the median nerve.

贵要静脉深面是肱二头肌腱膜，此腱膜将贵要静脉与肱动脉、正中神经隔开，贵要静脉可跨过前臂内侧皮神经，前臂内侧皮神经亦可跨过贵要静脉。

The typical manifestations of PHC were nodular,irregular and heterogenous enhanced regions in lesion,tumorous vessels could be seen in the arterial phase,the hyperdense regions in the arterial phases were changed to hpodense quickly in the portal phase;The characteristic findings of HCH were well-defined intense mural nodular enhancement in the arterial phase,and centripetally oriented enlargement of this nodular in the portal phase,the density of the nodular in the arterial phase were similar to that of aorta or hepatic arteries.

原发肝癌的典型表现是动脉期病灶内结节状、片状强化，并可见肿瘤血管影，强化部分在静脉期迅速呈低密度影；肝血管瘤的特征性表现为动脉期病灶边缘结节状强化，密度类似于主动脉或肝动脉，静脉期强化结节逐渐向病灶中央扩展；肝转移癌的主要表现为动、静脉期病灶边缘环状强化，中央部分无明显强化，静脉期还可见到"牛眼征"。

Firstly, the establishment of model requires sophisticated neurointerventional techniques and costly interventional materials(sacculus, minikin circlip ring, endovascular electrocoagulation), it not only consumed time but also increased the resesrch expense ; Secondly, although the Massoud model is the first successful model that contain the nidus, but it is far from mimicking the high-flow fistulae frequently observed in a brain AVM; Thirdly, the rapid spontaneous thrombosis result in fistula occlusion in a short time;Fouthly, the model's natural course and the long–term patency of fistula are unclear;Currently the model is only used for the short-term research.

但Massoud模型目前存在以下主要缺点：第一，模型的建立需要复杂的神经介入技术和昂贵的介入材料(球囊、微弹簧圈、血管内电凝等)，操作费时，又大大增加了研究费用；第二，Massoud模型虽然首次具备了畸形血管团，但它远不是我们临床上常见的含有高流量动静脉瘘的脑AVM；第三，颈动静脉吻合口自发性血栓形成进而导致引流静脉闭塞的机率很高；第四，Massoud模型的长期自然过程和动静脉吻合口的长期通畅性尚不清楚，目前仅仅作为急性期模型。

Anatomical study proved:①.4~8 nutritional vessels of sural nerve –small saphenous vein were the intermuscular perforators of peroneal artery, the furthermost one located at(1.0±1.3)cm above the tip of external malleolus with diameter (0.6±0.2)mm;②.2~6 musculocutaneous perforators were given off by the artery of outer head of gastrocnemius muscle to supply nutrition to the sural nerve-small saphenous vein;③.intermuscular perforators from peroneal artery supplied blood to fibula and outer head of soleus muscle.the perforators with an average outer diameter of （1.3-1.6）cm gave off cutaneous branch ,fascial branch and nutritional vessels to the sural nerve-small saphenous vein,which formed the vessel chain of the sural nerve-small saphenous vein ,sub-fascial and suprafascial vessel net.

结果：1、解剖实验证实：①、腓肠神经-小隐静脉营养血管来自腓动脉肌间隔穿支4～8支，最远的跟外侧动脉穿支距外踝尖上(1.0±1.3)cm，外径(0.6±0.2)mm。②、腓肠肌外侧头动脉沿途发2-6支的肌皮穿支营养腓肠神经-小隐静脉。③、腓动脉肌间隔穿支营养腓骨、比目鱼肌外侧半。上述穿皮支平均外径在0.3～1.6mm，发出皮支、筋膜支、腓肠神经-小隐静脉营养血管，形成腓肠神经-小隐静脉血管链以及深、浅筋膜血管网。

Hemospasia from elbow, puncture from the basilica vein is the well choice if the median cubital vein is absencet.

在肘部抽血时，如遇肘正中静脉缺如，以穿刺贵要静脉为宜；穿刺置管时如遇头静脉插管困难，以选择贵要静脉为宜。

Results According to morphology, there were 3 types of superficial venous trunks in the flaps:"I" type,"Y" type and branch type. All types of the superfical venous trunks were the major passages in the venous drainage of the flaps. If the superficial venous trunks were occluded in pedicles, the venous drainage of the flaps almost stoped.

结果：根据形态可将逆行皮瓣中的浅静脉千分为3种类型：&I&形，&Y&形和树枝形，各种类型的浅静脉干都是皮瓣静脉逆向回流的主要通道，如果在蒂部将浅静脉干闭塞，皮瓣的静脉回流基本停滞。

The particular arrangement of veins in the telencephalon permits them to flow in both directions via medullary veins, as seen with certain disorders, such as deep arteriovenous malformations, Sturge-Weber disease, and the developmental venous anomalies[60], possibly explaining the small diameter and unimportance of parenchymal lesions when such a vein is thrombosed.

这种特殊的解剖分布使得端脑内的静脉可以通过脑穿通髓静脉产生双向血流，这一点在脑深部动静脉畸形、Sturge-Weber病/斯特季-韦伯二氏病/脑眼颜面血管瘤病、脑静脉发育异常等疾病中都可观察到，同时也可以解释当这些静脉受累形成血栓时常产生较小的、甚至不容易被发现的病灶。

Results The length of basilic veins were about 335.01 mm in men, about 331.50 mm in women; the diameter of the basilic vein in median forearm was about 1.90 mm in man, and about 1.85 mm in woman; the diameter of the basilic vein adjacent to the medial cubital vein was about 2.35 mm in male, about 2.26 mm in female; the diameter of the proximal part of basilic vein was about 2.90 mm in male, about 2.60 mm in female.

结果 贵要静脉长度，男性约335.01 mm，女性约331.50 mm；贵要静脉在臂中部管径，男性约1.90 mm，女性约1.85 mm；贵要静脉接肘正中静脉处管径，男性约2.35 mm，女性约2.26 mm；贵要静脉末端管径，男性约2.90 mm，女性约2.60 mm。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。