青霉

Traditional natural isolation, mutation and selection, rational screening and protoplast fusion have made a great progress in the improvement of both Penicillium chrysogenum and Cephalosporium acremonium, two main industrial strains for production of P-lactam antibiotics.

在增加产量和大幅度地降低生产成本方面，最主要的β-内酰胺抗生素生产菌，产黄青霉和顶头孢霉(Acremonium chrysogenum or Cephalosporium acremonium)的菌种改良和发酵工艺的优化得到卓有成效的发展。

At the same time, the ratio of genuses Corynebacterium and Pseudomonus was high ratio in the samples.

连作3年后，栽培期土壤的青霉属比例最高，达29.45％；在连作3年的土壤中，毛霉属在栽培后的比例最高，占35.29％。

Deuteromycetes with total 29 genera is the most common fungi, and the predominant airborne fungi were examined as Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, yeasts, Fusarium, Humicola and Alternaria.

空中优势真菌依顺序为枝孢霉、青霉、麴菌、酵母菌、镰孢菌、腐殖菌和格孢菌。

Unsurprisely,These three microorganisms decreased as the storage time increases.84 strains lactobacillus were isolated during the detection period in the pickled gingers stored in low temperature.By physiology and biochemistry methods,32 strains L.plantarums,6 strains L.brevis,2 strains Lacto...

低温保存泡姜在整个检测期内，共分离到84株典型乳酸菌，经生理生化实验鉴定出植物乳杆菌32株、弯曲乳杆菌7株、短乳杆菌6株、肠膜明串珠菌属5株、乳球菌属2株、乳杆菌属32株；酵母菌分离鉴定出3个属，主要为酵母属以及少量的假丝酵母属和汉逊氏酵母属；只在保存的前2d检测到个别的青霉属和毛霉属；在整个检测期内，没有分离到大肠杆菌。

The bioactivities of phenolic and essential oil extracted from clove leaves in vivo and vitro against Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Macrophoma kawatsuka, Monilia fructigena and Trichothecium roseum, and their effects on the quality of postharvest apple fruits were studied.

该文对丁香精油和丁香酚在离体和活体条件下对采后苹果的主要致腐菌苹果青霉、苹果灰霉、苹果炭疽、苹果轮纹、苹果褐腐和苹果腐心的抑制作用以及对贮藏期苹果品质的影响进行了研究。

The pathogenic bacterium of prepartum and intrapartum infectious pneumonia mostly were G- bacilli,the pathogenic bacterium of postpartum infectious pneumonia mostly were G- bacilli and staphylococcus aureus.6.The drug resistant rates of G- bacteria to penicillins,cephalosporins,and monocyclicβ-lactam antibiotic were high,However,their compound of addingβ-lactamase inhibitor agents was relatively low resistance,and all G- bacteria were sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics.

产前及产时感染性肺炎的病原菌以G-杆菌多见，而产后感染性肺炎的病原菌主要为G-杆菌和金葡菌。6.G-菌对青霉素类、头孢菌素类及单环类的β内酰胺类抗生素耐药率高，但对其添加β内酰胺酶抑制剂的复合制剂耐药率较低，对碳青霉烯类抗生素均敏感；金葡菌对苯唑西林耐药率低，对万古霉素均敏感。7。

Through the determination of biological activities indoors, 40 strains antagonists are screened against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium expansum, Alternaria kikuchiana and Physalospora piricola which are primary diseases on fruits.

经过室内生物活性测定，筛选得到40株对草莓灰霉病菌、柑橘绿霉病菌、苹果青霉病菌、梨黑斑病菌、梨轮纹病菌五种水果常见采后病害都有明显抑菌活性的细菌。

The substance extracted showed some antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtil, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, penicillium, the minimum inhibitory concentration was 0.0625, 0.0625, 0.0313, 0.125, 0.25 mg/ml, and minimum bactericidal concentrations was 0.25, 0.125, 0.0313, 0.25, 0.5 mg/ml respectively.

该提取液对金色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌、大肠杆菌、黑曲霉、青霉都有明显的抑菌效果，最低抑菌浓度分别为：0.062 5，0.062 5，0.031 3，0.15，0.25 mg/ml；最小杀菌浓度为0.25，0.125，0.031 3，0.5，0.25 mg/ml。

The result of the antibacterial and antifungal assay shows that thirty five strains of the endofungi (58.3% of total tested strains) have antibacterial activities, the active strains mostly belong to sterile groups (51.4% of active strains), Penicillium (8.6%), Aspergillus (8.6%), Fusarium(8.6%); forty nine strains (81.7% of total tested strains) have antifungal activites, most of them belong to sterile groups (44.9% of active strains), and Gloeosporium (17.1%).

结果 共有35株内生真菌具有抗细菌活性，占待侧菌株总数的58.3%，其中以不产孢类、青霉属、曲霉属、镰孢属为主，分别占活性菌株总数的 51.4%、8.6%、8.6%、8.6%；共有49株内生真菌具有抗真菌活性，占待侧菌株总数的81.7%，其中以不产孢类和盘长孢属为主，分别占活性菌株总数的44.9%、17.1%。

The microorganisms was domesticated by adding a certain amount of lead in the soil, and three lead-tolerant strains including Pb-R-1, Pb-R-2 and Pb-H-3 accordingly originating from 300 mg/L, 750 mg/L and 900 mg/L lead medium were isolated with a series of PDA medium of different lead concentrations. Through the identification, Pb-R-2 was confirmed as Aspergillus sp., Pb-R-3 as Penicillium sp. The trials of transferring culture showed that all strains had the stable heredity of lead tolerance in different composition PDA medium.

通过向土壤中添加一定量的铅来驯化土壤微生物，然后利用一系列不同铅浓度的PDA培养基分离耐铅微生物，结果获得一株耐300 mg/L铅的细菌Pb-R-1和二株分别耐750 mg/L和900 mg/L铅的真菌Pb-R-2和Pb-R-3，通过鉴定得知，Pb-R-2菌株为曲霉，Pb-R-3菌株为青霉；不同成分培养基传代培养实验表明，3个菌株有稳定的耐铅遗传性；通过液体悬浮培养获得：Pb-R-1、Pb-R-2和Pb-R-3对Pb(上标 2+)的吸附率依次为35.5%、75.5%和48.2%。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。