青霉

Dr. Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then.

亚历山大-弗莱明博士并非象传奇所描述的那样，一看到蛋糕上的一点霉，就产生灵感并发明出青霉素来。

They were identified belonging to Botrytis,Aspergillus and Penicilliumgenera according to the culture characteristics and morphological features.

通过对菌落培养特征和形态特征的观察，初步鉴定它们分属于萄葡孢属、曲霉属和青霉属。

In this experiment, 1.5% optimized microbial populations were added. The optimized microbial populations were primarily identified as Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Actinomayces, Penicillium and Aspergillus.

在实验装置内加入了1.5%的优化菌群制剂，优化出的菌群初步鉴定主要有：假单胞菌属、微球菌属、放线菌属、真菌类的青霉属和曲霉属等。

The majority of them are produced by fermentation using microorganisms of different species identified as species belonging to Aspergillus, Monascus, Nocardia, Amycolatopsis, Mucor or Penicillium genus, and some are obtained by treating the fermentation products using the methods of chemical synthesis or they are the products of total chemical synthesis.

它们主要是用属于曲霉属，红曲霉属，诺卡菌属，Amycolatopsis，毛霉属或青霉属的不同物种的微生物通过发酵而生产的。有一些是用化学合成方法处理发酵产物而获得的或者有一些是全部化学合成的产物。

A total of 2975 strains of fungi in 34 groups were detected. Among them, the dominant genera was Penicillium, followed by Cladosporium, Aspergillus and Neurospora.

共检出34个属种2975株菌，大型商场和超市的优势菌群均以青霉属为主，其次枝孢霉属、曲霉属、脉孢霉属等为常见种类。

The antimicrobial test and researched was done on wide distillation of different solvents on Terpenoid, polarity separation of ethanol distillable substance, thin layer chromatography of different polarities and distillation of amylase. The results showed that the active substance distilled by 95% ethanol and V methanol: toluene=3:1 had stronger antimicrobial activity on Agaricus blazei Murrill. The antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate was stronger than wide distilling substance with ethanol, but the water part has not antimicrobial effect. Two straps of ethyl acetate phase（Rf0.57、Rf0.63）(0.1g/ml)had stronger antimicrobial activity on Agaricus blazei Murrill, the antimicrobial zone on Pseudomonas was 19.3mm. The bacteriostatic activity of chromatography strap of water phase was rather weaker, the water solution (0.5g/g) of amylase had better effect on pathogenic fungus of Agaricus blazei Murrill, its antimicrobial zone on Aspergillus niger, Citrinin, Trichoderma viride were 10.8 mm, 7.9 mm, 5.3 mm.

通过对日本凹顶藻以不同溶剂的粗提、乙醇提取物的极性分离、不同极性的薄层层析和多糖的提取，进行抗菌试验的研究，发现95%乙醇和V甲醇：甲苯为3∶1的提取的活性物质具有较强的抗姬松茸的病原细菌活性，乙酸乙酯相对病原细菌的抑菌强于乙醇的粗提物，而水相基本无抑菌效果，乙酸乙酯相的两个带（Rf0.57、Rf0.63）浓度为0.1g/ml具有较强抗姬松茸病原细菌的活性，对假单孢杆菌抑菌圈达到19.3mm，水相层析带的抑菌活性较弱，多糖的粗提物配成0.25g/g的水溶液对姬松茸病原真菌有较好的抑菌效果对黑曲霉、桔青霉和绿色木霉的抑菌圈分别达到10.8 mm、7.9 mm、5.3 mm。

Results The dermatophagoides farinae and pteronyssinus (62/118) were the most common allergen in inhalation group in 118 patients with allergic disease. Dogly or feline scurf was the next (35/118), then were ambrosia artemisiiofolia and muguort (14/118), cockroach(12/118), cypress, elm, Surname. Cottenuood (8/118), humulus scandens (7/118), polyvalent fungus(6/118). In food group the most common allergen was mutton or beef (13/118), then was cashew, peanut, soybean (11/118), wheat (10/118),milk (9/118), fish, shrimp, crab(5/118), mango(4/118),egg, chicken., yolk(1/118).The positive rates of total IgE level was 35.59%.

结果 118例变应性鼻炎患者中吸入组过敏原以以屋尘螨粉、尘螨(62/118)为最高，其后依次为猫毛皮屑、狗毛皮屑(35/118)、矮豚草、蒿(14/118)、蟑螂(12/118)、柏榆、梧桐、柳三角叶杨(8/118)、律草(7/118)、点青霉、分枝孢霉、烟曲霉、交链孢霉(6/118)；食入组过敏原以牛肉、羊肉(13/118)为最高，其后依次为腰果、花生、黄豆(11/118)、小麦(10/118)、牛奶(9/118)、鱼虾蟹(5/118)、芒果(4/118)、鸡蛋白、鸡蛋黄(1/118)；总IgE阳性率为35.59%。

However, the 3 groups from medium A exhibited the highest microbial diversity and best decolorization results with 99.53% and 97.42% color removal rate of Reactive Red M-3BE and Acid Red. From them, 16 strains of fungi were isolated and primarily identified as Saprolegniaceae, Eurotiaceae, Erysiphaceae and Physodermataceae . Fungi groups from medium B and D exhibited a bit lower color removal rate of various dyes and only 3 and 2 isolates primarily classified as Saccharomycetaceae and Eurotiaceae were obtained from them. Fungi cultures in medium A and B could produce lignin peroxidase, and those in medium D could be detected higher activity of laccase. All the fungal cultures exhibited very weak activity of manganese dependant peroxidase.

来自A培养基的3组菌群显示出最好的脱色效果和最大的菌群丰富度，对50mg/L的活性红M-3BE和酸性红A溶液的脱色率最高达到99.53%和97.42%，从中分离到了16株真菌，初步鉴定分属于水霉科、曲霉科、节壶菌科和白粉菌科；而B和D培养基中所获得的菌群脱色效果稍差，从中仅得到3株和2株真菌，初步鉴定属于酵母和青霉。A、B两种培养基在各种染料存在下更易产生木质素过氧化物酶，产漆酶能力较弱，而D培养基产漆酶活性较高。

In the group of inhaled allergens, the positive rate in order are mite mixture (dermadermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides farinae), mould mixture, weed mixture, tree mixture, cockroach, cat-dog epithelia, humulus lupulus; In group of food allergens, the positive rate in order are fish-shrimp-crab, egg white/yolk, milk, beef-mutton, cashew nut-peanut-soybean, mango and wheat.

吸入组过敏原阳性率依次为户尘螨粉尘螨、点青霉分枝孢霉曲霉交链孢霉、矮豚草蒿、柏榆梧桐柳三角叶杨、蟑螂、猫毛皮屑狗毛皮屑、葎草；食物组阳性率依次为鱼虾蟹、鸡蛋白鸡蛋黄、牛奶、牛肉羊肉、腰果花生黄豆、芒果、小麦。

The relative cross-reactivity of PA with AFB-1,ZON,T-2,FB were less than 0.01%and with an affinity constant for PA of about 1.54×10~8 liters per mol.It offered a foundation for developing immunoassay method for PA.

单克隆抗体与黄曲霉毒素B1、玉米赤霉烯酮、T-2毒素和伏马毒素B1均无交叉反应率，单抗的亲和常数为1.54x10~8 L/mol，为进一步建立青霉酸的免疫学快速检测方法提供了基础。3。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。