震级

Two improvements measurements pointed to the errors to calculating b values have been proposed:(1) to adopt the uniform absolute magnitude scale, seismic moment magnitude MW,(2) to discard the magnitude points for which the earthquakes absent and lose, and then to compute the b value using least square method to fit the data.

针对过去计算b值的误差，提出了两条改进措施：（1）采用统一的绝对震级标度-矩震级标度MW；（2）舍弃缺失地震次数的点，然后用最小二乘拟合求得b值，使b值计算较准确。

Two improvements measurements pointed to the errors to calculating b values have been proposed:(1) to adopt the uniform absolute magnitude scale, seismic moment magnitude M,(2) to discard the magnitude points for which the earthquakes absent and lose, and then to compute the b value using least square method to fit the data.

针对过去计算b值的误差，提出了两条改进措施：采用统一的绝对震级标度－矩震级标度M；(2)舍弃缺失地震次数的点，然后用最小二乘拟合求得b值，使b值计算较准确。

The present digital water level recording may possibly lose some information,so large earthquake caused abnormal change of water level recorded by analog recording is clearer than that by.

认为：目前的水位模拟记录较数字化记录能更清晰地看到巨大地震引起的水位异常变化过程；大震引起的水位上升和下降可能是地震波的作用改变了构造单元的应力所致，并与井点的地质构造部位有关；同一井孔对同一断层上破裂方式一致的大地震的响应方式是一致的，只是对震级大的地震响应幅度大，震级减小，响应幅度亦减小

It can be also found from the calculation and analysis that the values of ambient shear stress and apparent stress are correlative with magnitude, and the variation of these two stresses is clearly interrelated with activity behavior of the earthquake sequence.

对青岛峙山地震序列中261个小震的数字化波形记录计算分析后发现，环境剪应力τ0值和视应力σ值与震级明显相关，并且相同震级的地震事件所计算出二者的变化与地震序列的活动状态密切相关。

"We're focusing on observing and understanding earthquakes in space and time and on developing methods that use patterns of small earthquakes to forecast larger ones," Rundle said.

"我们从空间上和时间上来观测和预测地震，通过研究震级低的地震来预测震级高的。"

This dissertation discusses four problems that have relations with these topics. These problems are, i seismic moment tensor representation for explosions in ellipsoidal cavities and their seismic radiation patterns in the farfield; ii seismic waves from point sources in transversely isotropic media; iii yield-estimation by mb or mb for Chinese underground nuclear explosions and, iv simultaneously inversion for source parameters of underground nuclear explosions and parameters of apparent Lg Q for paths from source to stations.

本文讨论与此课题有关的椭球腔中的爆炸的地震矩张量表示及地震波辐射图案，各向异性介质中的点源激发的弹性波，由Lg波震级或Lg尾波震级估算地下核爆炸当量，由Lg波位移谱反演地下核爆炸震源参数及相关路径的Lg波视衰减参数等四个方面的问题。

The delay time of vertical coseismic deformation have positive linear relationship with ep...

断层体垂直向同震形变延迟时间与震中距线性正相关，发生地震同震形变的响应速度约为5.5km/s，反映了在上层花岗岩地层中面波的传播速度；同震位移最大振幅和震中距的对数、震级之间具有明显线性关系，震级越大，同震位移的最大振幅越大；地震震级是断层体垂直同震形变振动持续时间的主要影响因素，震级越大，同震形变振动持续时间越长。

Based on the intensity attenuation model, we have proposed the Grid Searching of Trial Source Location method for estimating earthquake magnitudes and bounding epicentral regions, and the confidence value of contours are also calculated.

在衰减模型基础之上，发展了确定震中区域和震级的网格搜索试算方法，并给出了确定震中位置和震级的等值线置信值。

In equidimensional conditions, merits and demerits of fuzzy -- grey method and pure grey method are compared. Factors that effect the predicting results are discussed as well. At last,predicting values of each zone for different objective magn...

用此模型讨论了南北天山四个区的震级序列，在等维情况下，对比了模糊灰色方法与单纯灰色方法的优劣，讨论了影响预测结果的因素，最后给出了不同目标震级下各区的预测值。

Characteristics and principles of time clustering and frequency with a seismic sequence of more 380 years (1615 —1998) are performed using fractal theory and rescaling range analysis theory. It is concluded that the fiactal dimensions of seismic subset are similar to each other, the mean value is about 0.405, and interval of scale invariance can change 1-2 magnitude order. It is also found that the Hurst index ranges from 0.5412 to 0.5580. The results show that there is of statistical self-similar among different magnitude earthquakes in the area of bridge site.

应用分形理论和R/S分析原理，编写了程序，分析和研究了桥址区的380多年（1615～1998）地震序列的地震时间从集和地震频度特征及规律，得出桥址区不同震级范围的子集合具有近似相等的分维值，约为0.405，子集合无标度区可跨1～2数量级；不同震级层次的地震频度Hurst指数为0.5412～0.5580，都表明了桥址区不同震级层次的地震之间具有统计自相似性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。