震源

The paper introduced in detail the development and application of airgun source and made summary of airgun theory and technology mainly from three aspects: developing history of airgun system,theory of airgun and relevant knowledge,and study of airgun array wavelet and developed results of correspondent software.

本文详细介绍了气枪震源的发展与应用，主要从三个方面对气枪震源的理论与技术进行综述：气枪震源系统的发展历程、气枪震源理论及相关知识、气枪阵列子波研究与软件开发成果。

Further more, airgun source has good repeatability and is effective to produce S wave, it has been proved to be an effective artificial source on land to provide wide-angle and long-offset recording to study deep crustal structure.

气枪震源还具有一般炸药震源不具有的特征，如长期定点重复激发和有效转换S波的优点，是陆上进行长炮检距深穿透地下结构研究的一种优良人工震源。

Based on seismic source spectrum solution by multi-station and multi-event coda method, applying Brune seismic source model, we have got the source factors and spectra of 48 small earthquakes occurred before and after the Douhe earthquake of October 6 in 1995. The seismic moments, corner frequencies and stress drops are estimated from the spectra, and their correlation and variation with time before and after the Douhe earthquake are discussed.

在震源谱的多台多震尾波解法的基础上，应用Brune震源模型，求解1995年10月6日陡河ML5.9地震前后在其周围发生的48次小地震的震源因子和震源波谱，进而估算了地震矩、拐角频率和应力降，并讨论了它们之间的相互关系和在陡河地震前后随时间的变化。

In order to get the information about focal-mechanism variation in earthquake rupture process and redisplay the mechanisms of different sub-events at different locations, for the first time, we developed a linear inversion technique for investigating the mechanism variation and rupture process.

为了获取震源机制在地震过程中的变化信息，实现对震源区不同空间位置子事件不同震源机制的再现，本文首次提出通过线性反演过程对地震破裂过程成像的方法和技术途径。

Sparker source is a good type of seismic source used in marine engineering seismic prospecting. Because of the importation dependence before the tenth five-year period, the expense was enhanced and the period was extended of equipment maintenance.

电火花震源是海洋工程地震勘探作业中一种较好的震源，但"十五"之前我国的电火花震源主要依靠进口，仪器维护费用高、周期长。

The focal mechanisms of moderate-small earthquakes are calculated tentatively using digital seismic wave data in some provincial digital seismic networks based on the program of focal mechanism determinations combing the first motion of P, SV and SH waves with their amplitude ratio, which is recently developed by Snoke.

引言 强震前震源及附近地区中小地震的震源机制解是否变化，一直是地震预测比较关心的问题[1]。由P波初动求取地震的震源机制解是地震学中一个常用的方法，但这种方法要求所计算的地震被很多台站记录到[2]。

The tenet of Vibroseis seismic exploration is outputting as much energy through a continuous bestirring in a period of time as that outputted by other sources in an instantaneous time. The realization of this goal needs that Vibroseis can output a same sweeping signal in many times continuously, then overlap the reflect signal to eliminate the noise from the exploration background, finally visualize the structure of the stratum.

可控震源地震勘探的精髓便是通过系统长时间的持续激励来实现其它震源的瞬时高能量激励，实现这一目标的前提是要求震源系统能够完成相同扫描信号的多次无差别输出，进而通过地震仪进行相应的垂直叠加，充分压制背景噪声，凸现地下的有用构造信息。

In ordinary field 3-D layout, receiving-line spacing is n-times the seismic source gap, and source-line spacing is n-times the receiver interval; as a result, at each intersecting point of source line and receiving line, source position superposes receiver position.

在常规三维观测系统中，接收线间距是震源间距的倍数，震源线间距是接收器间距的倍数，这使得在震源线和接收线的每个交点处震源和接收器是重合的。

Our result shows that the best double couple solution of this Mw5.2 event is 315°,64°and 19°for strike,dip and slip angles respectively,the second nodal plane solution is 214°,74°, and 152°.The focal depth is 25±2km,suggesting that this quake occurred in the lower crust which is much deeper than most continental earthquakes.This lower crust earthquake requires that the rock should be colder than expected.We proposed generation mechanism of this deep earthquake and its implications in rock strength and thermal state.

我们以此速度结构作为模型，利用中国国家地震台网5个台站的宽频带地震数据，采用CAP方法反演2003年8月16日赤峰地震震源机制解并初步确定震源深度：再利用IRIS 9个台站远震体波数据，通过对比高频(0.7～2.0Hz)理论地震图和观测记录的方法进一步精确确定震源深度并验证反演得到的机制解，得出此次地震矩震级为5.2，震源机制解为：节面I：315°/64°/19°，节面Ⅱ：216°/74°/152°，震源深度为25±2km，已深达下地壳。

With this velocity model and broadband records from 5 CDSN stations, we inverted focal mechanisms of Chifeng earthquake on August 16th, 2003 with the "Cut and Paste" method. Then we confirmed focal depth and the source mechanisms by comparing synthetic body waves at teleseismic distance with broadband records of 9 IRIS stations. Our result shows that the best double couple solution of this M w5.2 event is 315°, 64° and 19°for strike, dip and slip angles respectively, the second nodal plane solution is 216°,74°, and 152°. The focal depth is 25±2 km, suggesting that this quake occurred in the lower crust which is much deeper than most continental earthquakes.

我们以此速度结构作为模型，利用中国国家地震台网5个台站的宽频带地震数据，采用CAP方法反演2003年8月16日赤峰地震震源机制解并初步确定震源深度；再利用IRIS 9个台站远震体波数据，通过对比理论计算和观测记录的方法进一步精确确定震源深度并验证反演得到的机制解，得出此次地震矩震级为5.2，震源机制解为：节面I：315°/64°/19°，节面II：216°/74°/152°，震源深度为25±2 km，已深达下地壳。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。