零件

This paper presents an IFMC CAD model that consits of a geometry model and a material model, in which the geometry space acts as a base space and the material space acts as a bundle space. In this CAD model, the geometry model is based on the non-manifold model. In addition, a half-face data sturucture, which is derived from the half-edge data structure with the non-manifold feature of IFMC taken into account, is adopted to represent the geometry and topology information of the component. For the material model of IFMC, this paper focuses on the FGM component representation firstly and present a simplex-subdivision based CAD data exchange format, in which the material information is represented as a (n-1) simplex and material distributing feature is represented by the interpolation on the simplex-subdivision. Based on those, a part-building orientation optimization algorithm and an adaptive slicing algorithm for FGM component are presented in the paper. For the IFMC material model, the IFMC material information representation is divided into a meso-scale and a macro-scale representation. In the meso-scale, a concept named parameterized periodic functional meso-structure is presented as a unique form to represent the FGM (the homogeneous materials are regarded as a special FGM), the composite and the functional meso-structure material. The model of PMS is a three-tuple that contains the space state informatation, the material parameter and the material meso-scale distribution feature. The macro-scale material information representation is similar to the FGM components by interpolation of the control parameter of the periodical functional meso-structure based on the simplex-subdivision. Through an example of manufacturing-oriented IFMC CAD data processing, it is proved that the IFMC CAD model and the material information representation and process method proposed in this paper can provide a reliable data support for IFMC digital concurrent design and manufacturing.

本文将理想材料零件CAD模型建立在以几何空间为底空间、以材料空间为丛空间的结构上，使用非流形几何模型作为理想材料零件几何拓扑模型的基础，并在半边数据结构基础上，针对理想材料零件的非流形特征局限内部边界上的特点，给出了一个半面数据结构来表述零件的几何拓扑信息；对于理想材料零件的材料模型，本文先从功能梯度材料零件的信息表述与CAD数据交换和处理入手，将材料信息表述为（n-1）维单纯形，然后通过对三维几何区域的单纯剖分，以插值的方式表述零件材料分布特征；在此基础上，根据功能梯度材料零件分层制造中对CAD数据处理的要求，给出了综合考虑零件几何特征与材料特征的生长方向优化算法和自适应切片算法；而对于文中所定义的理想材料零件，本文将其材料信息表述分解到细观和宏观两个尺度进行，首先给出了细观尺度上参数化的周期性功能细结构概念，以此来统一表述功能梯度材料（单质材料作为特殊的功能梯度材料看待）、复合材料和功能细结构材料；把周期性功能细结构模型化为一个包含空间状态信息、材料构成参数和材料细观分布特征参数的三元组，以表达零件的细观材料特征；对于零件宏观的材料变化特征，则同样在几何区域单纯剖分的基础上，通过对细观尺度上周期性功能细结构控制参数的插值来完成；通过理想材料零件CAD数据处理的算例，验证了本文中理想材料零件CAD模型及材料信息表述与处理方法完全可以为理想材料零件的数字化制造提供可靠的数据支持。

This paper presents an IFMC CAD model that consits of a geometry model and a material model, in which the geometry space acts as a base space and the material space acts as a bundle space. In this CAD model, the geometry model is based on the non-manifold model. In addition, a half-face data sturucture, which is derived from the half-edge data structure with the non-manifold feature of IFMC taken into account, is adopted to represent the geometry and topology information of the component.For the material model of IFMC, this paper focuses on the FGM component representation firstly and present a simplex-subdivision based CAD data exchange format, in which the material information is represented as a (n-1) simplex and material .distributing feature is represented by the interpolation on the simplex-subdivision. Based on those, a part-building orientation optimization algorithm and an adaptive slicing algorithm for FGM component are presented in the paper.For the IFMC material model, the IFMC material information representation is divided into a meso-scale and a macro-scale representation. In the meso-scale, a concept named parameterized periodic functional meso-structure is presented as a unique form to represent the FGM (the homogeneous materials are regarded as a special FGM), the composite and the functional meso-structure material. The model of PMS is a three-tuple that contains the space stateinformatation, the material parameter and the material meso-scale distribution feature. The macro-scale material information representation is similar to the FGM components by interpolation of the control parameter of the periodical functional meso-structure based on the simplex-subdivision.Through an example of manufacturing-oriented IFMC CAD data processing, it is proved that the IFMC CAD model and the material information representation and process method proposed in this paper can provide a reliable data support for IFMC digital concurrent design and manufacturing.

本文将理想材料零件CAD模型建立在以几何空间为底空间、以材料空间为丛空间的结构上，使用非流形几何模型作为理想材料零件几何拓扑模型的基础，并在半边数据结构基础上，针对理想材料零件的非流形特征局限内部边界上的特点，给出了一个半面数据结构来表述零件的几何拓扑信息；对于理想材料零件的材料模型，本文先从功能梯度材料零件的信息表述与CAD数据交换和处理入手，将材料信息表述为(n-1)维单纯形，然后通过对三维几何区域的单纯剖分，以插值的方式表述零件材料分布特征；在此基础上，根据功能梯度材料零件分层制造中对CAD数据处理的要求，给出了综合考虑零件几何特征与材料特征的生长方向优化算法和自适应切片算法；而对于文中所定义的理想材料零件，本文将其材料信息表述分解到细观和宏观两个尺度进行，首先给出了细观尺度上参数化的周期性功能细结构概念，以此来统一表述功能梯度材料(单质材料作为特殊的功能梯度材料看待)、复合材料和功能细结构材料；把周期性功能细结构模型化为一个包含空间状态信息、材料构成参数和材料细观分布特征参数的三元组，以表达零件的细观材料特征；对于零件宏观的材料变化特征，则同样在几何区域单纯剖分的基础上，通过对细观尺度上周期性功能细结构控制参数的插值来完成；通过理想材料零件CAD数据处理的算例，验证了本文中理想材料零件CAD模型及材料信息表述与处理方法完全可以为理想材料零件的数字化制造提供可靠的数据支持。

On the basis of the optimizing program,the microcomputer output of arranging the order of parts,the statistic of the classification of part names and the statistic of characteristic information of parts,and the classification of part groups using BASIC-Ⅱ language are pre- sented.

本文提出了实施成组技术中采用分类编码对产品零件分组的方法，分析了零件组特征矩阵制定的原则，在优化程序的基础上，提供了采用BASIC-Ⅱ语言的关于零件排序、零件名称类别及特征信息统计、零件分组的计算机输出结果。

This method is used to estimate cost of new parts according to existing cost data of similar parts by calculating fuzzy close-in degree of new parts with existing similar parts,and manufacturing cost estimation can be implemented at the initial stage.

提出了一种基于相似性的零件成本估算方法，该方法通过计算新零件与类似的已有零件的贴近度，依据类似的已有零件成本资料估算新零件的成本，实现了零件制造成本早期估算。

An image forming apparatus, provided with replacement parts each having a storage section therein and adapted to be detachably attached to the image forming apparatus and with an image forming unit arranged to form an image on a printing medium, includes: an information reading section that reads information from the storage section of at least one of the replacement parts; a certified part determining section that determines whether the replacement part is a certified part or not based on the information read from the storage section; and an image forming possibility determining section that determines whether or not image forming is possible using the replacement part determined to be a certified part by the certified part determining section.

一种成像设备，其配备有：替换零件，每个所述替换零件其中具有一个存储部分，并且适于被可拆地配属到所述成像设备上；以及成像单元，所述成像单元被安排用于在打印介质上形成图像，所述成像设备包括：一个信息读取部分，该信息读取部分从至少一个所述替换零件的存储部分读取信息；检定零件确定部分，根据从所述存储部分读取的信息，该检定零件确定部分确定所述替换零件是否是已检定零件；以及成像可能性确定部分，用于确定使用被所述检定零件确定部分确定为已检定零件的所述替换零件是否能够成像。

As required by the automobile and motorcycle industry for enhance the quality of parts manufacturing, especially the "zero defect" was proposed, the sample testing by traditional technique has been unable to meet the requirement, to be instead of the entireness testing which testing the quality of parts manufacturing one by one. That means can check the quality after the parts manufacturing finished, removing the defect parts in time to avoid go to the next working procedure.

随着汽摩制造业对零件加工质量要求的提高，特别是零件加工质量"零缺陷"的提出，传统的零件抽样检测方式已不能满足要求，取而代之的是对每个零件的加工质量逐个进行检测的完全检测方式，即在零件加工完毕后能对其加工质量合格与否进行快速判别，及时将不合格零件剔除，避免其流入下道工序。

With analyzing structure features of sheet metal parts, the geometrical information model is built on the basis of the hierarchy of structure feature, structure element and geometrical element.

2分析了钣金零件的结构特征构成，建立了"结构特征—结构要素—几何要素"的三层几何信息模型，并采用树结构组织模型几何数据，分别给出了框肋零件、整体壁板零件和蒙皮零件的几何信息模型；分析了状态衍化中的结构要素变化类型和成形工序对结构要素变化的影响，采用加权图描述了状态衍化中结构树的变化；对应零件几何信息层次构成，建立了钣金零件结构特征的XML模式，分别举例说明了各层几何信息的XML表达，形成了基于XML的钣金零件数据表达方法。

Now, the factory has been to nurture and shape a workforce forge ahead in unity and a pragmatic spirit, the pursuit of excellence, and sustainable innovative management team, combined with Japan, Taiwan's technology and design their own set at home and abroad to create new advantages of similar products Vertical, horizontal injection molding machine, the product suitable for all kinds of electronic components, electrical parts, computer parts, AC and DC power cord connector, auto parts, eyewear spare parts, medical parts, stationery, artificial silk flowers, electricity, wood zipper any need to insert objects into the molding operation.

发展至今，工厂已培育和塑造了一支团结奋进的员工队伍和一个务实进取、追求卓越、永续创新的管理团队，结合日本、台湾之技术并自行设计制造出集国内外同类产品优点的新型立式、卧式注塑成型机，该产品适合各式电子零件、电器零件、电脑零件、AC和DC接头电源线、汽车零件、眼镜零件、医疗零件、文具用品、人造丝花、电、木拉链等任何需要镶入物件的成型作业。

This method undertakes comparative getting the area between the spare parts to equation of geometry of the face in model of CAD of different spare parts above all - surface contact relation and type, use amount coming back theory general face - the face expresses to be helix; relative to instantaneous motion next, the helix that goes up to many surface contact undertakes making operation,; of helix of the motion when making the opposite very short time between the spare parts is final, according to the spare parts abut concern plan and abut spare parts move relatively helix, undertook an analysis to assembling instantaneous of whole of the spare parts in the model to concern with drive movably, give out not between the method of calculation of helix of opposite instantaneous motion between photograph adjacent spare parts and them but the judgement method of drive sex.

该方法首先对不同零件CAD模型中面几何方程进行比较得到零件之间的面-面接触关系和类型，并应用旋量理论将面-面相对瞬时运动表示为螺旋；然后，对多个面接触上的螺旋进行交运算，生成零件之间的相对瞬时运动螺旋；最后，根据零件邻接关系图和邻接零件相对运动螺旋，对装配模型中零件整体瞬时可动性和驱动关系进行了分析，给出不相邻零件之间的相对瞬时运动螺旋计算方法和它们之间可驱动性的判定方法。

Main points of the thesis are as follows:(1) The main function models and information relations between these models in the CAPP system in the integrated CAD/CAM project are explained, a new process plan design method is mentioned based on analyses of process plan design. This method is based on the process plan prototype, and develops the prototype little by little until the perfect process plan is completed, the prospect of this method is discussed;(2) The feature abstracting rules and methods are studied, a feature coding system is developed based on GT, all the defined feature models are described by the mathematical methods;(3) The integrated method of CAD/CAPP based on features is mentioned, this method defines a feature exchanging model, and develops an interface software to exchange design data into technology data base, this technology data base includes the design and technology information of the parts;(4) The process plan reasoning method based on features is created, this method uses Mycin algorithm to solve the reasoning of the feature process plan. A process plan making system is developed. In this system part process plan is made by the semi-intelligent method, this method uses the feature reasoning, feature process chain searching and man-computer talking together;(5) The main structure of the HOPE system is introduced, a shaft drawing and its process plan made by this system are shown, the data process problem in process drawing making is also discussed;(6) A new method of describing process rule is introduced, this method uses IfThen rules and neural nets weight values together to describe process rules, the BP algorithm is adopted in this method;(7) The optimal machining sequence problem of the process steps on the same fixturing is discussed, optimal algorithms SA is applied to solve this problem, the result shows that this method is more efficient than the traditional method;(8) All jobs in the thesis are summarized. In order to carry out the research in the future, some rational proposals are given.

全文论述的内容主要有下列几个方面：(1)较为系统地阐述了CAD／CAM一体化工程项目中CAPP系统的主要功能模块及其信息流程，在分析工艺设计过程的基础上，提出了基于特征原型的渐进式工艺设计方法，并探讨了该方法的应用前景；(2)研究了零件特征提取的原则和方法，在成组技术的基础上，开发了一套基于特征的分类编码系统，并在提取零件特征的基础上，定义了零件特征的数据模型，开发了基于轴类零件特征的参数化设计系统；(3)研究了基于特征的CAD／CAPP集成的方法，通过定义零件特征数据模型的存储结构，开发了将设计数据转换到工艺数据库中的接口程序，为后续的CAPP系统提供必要的零件形状和工艺信息；(4)研究了基于特征的工艺推理方法，将Mycin算法应用到工艺决策中，开发了基于特征的工艺推理及工艺方案生成系统，在系统中综合运用特征推理、特征加工工艺链查询及人机对话相结合的半智能化方法确定零件加工工艺；(5)介绍了整个HOPE系统的总体结构，通过运行HOPE系统绘出了一轴类零件的零件图，并生成了该零件的加工工艺方案，初步探讨了基于特征的工序图生成技术中数据处理问题；(6)研究了工艺设计过程中知识如何有效表示的问题，提出了将显式的IF-THEN规则表示与隐式神经网络权值表示相结合的工艺知识表示方法，并利用BP算法进行了工艺知识表示的初步研究；(7)研究了工艺设计过程中同一安装下工步优化排序问题，利用神经网络中基于模拟退火的理论来解决该工步优化排序问题，实践证明该方法较传统的算法具有更高的效率；(8)总结了本文所进行的研究工作，为今后进一步开展工作提出了较为合理的建议。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。