雨水

The experiment is began with the natural rainwater quality, the runoff quality on the diverse roofage and different grade roadway, the results are as follows: The natural rainwater is good soft water, sometimes ammonia nitrogen content is more.

把西安理工大学作为文教区的典型代表进行研究，分别对天然雨水、不同材料屋顶和不同等级道路上的雨水径流水质进行了实验研究，结果表明：(1)天然雨水是很好的软水，氨氮含量有时较大

In this thesis, I summarize the theoretical calculation method, applied scope and notice of siphonic drainage system, and point out the advantage of siphonic drainage system compared with gravitation drainage system. In the archetype experiment study of siphonic drainage tube, I adopt different tube diameter and different structural height to survey the drainage volume and press in different place. I observe various kinds of flow state, and get chief factors which influence hydraulic peculiarity of system as the tube diameter or structural height, and find out the relevance of factor to flux. I apply CFD Fluent software and adopt standard k-ε model and RNG k-ε model, then use finite volume method and second-order upwind scheme to discrete numerical model, while coupling numeration of velocity field and press is based on SIMPLE. In the numerical simulation of curved part of tube, siphonic drainage tube experiment system and multi-outlet siphonic drainage system, I make research on internal velocity and press of system in different project condition by changing the tube diameter of curved part, negative press value in tube export and improving the quantity of water gutter. This thesis first adopts a method of combining archetype experiment and numerical simulation to study the siphonic drainage system, test and verify the validity of experiment and numerical simulation, and makefurther study on system, it solves the problems of limited testing conditions, and has a logical results, it can provide a valid method for optimizing and designing the drainage tube-net system. The conclusion have referring value for study and design of siphonic drainage system.

本文首先对虹吸式排水系统理论计算方法、适用范围以及注意事项做出总结，并分析了虹吸式排水系统的优势；再对虹吸式排水管道进行原型试验研究，采用不同管径不同立管高度，对系统流量、管道压强进行量测，观察了各种工况下的流态，对其水力特性进行研究分析，找出影响水力特性的落差、管径主要因素以及与排水量的关系；进一步应用计算流体力学Fluent软件，采用标准κ-ε模型与RNGκ-ε模型，计算过程应用有限体积法和二阶迎风格式对数值模型进行离散，速度和压力的耦合采用SIMPLE算法，分别对系统弯管段、虹吸排水管道试验系统、多斗虹吸式排水系统进行数值模拟分析，通过改变管段弯头处半径、管段出口负压值、增加雨水斗数对不同工况下系统内部的速度和压力进行研究；本文首次采用结合原型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法，对虹吸式屋面雨水排水系统进行研究，试验与模拟相互验证，并进行拓展，很好地解决了虹吸式屋面雨水排水系统由于试验条件限制问题，结果正确合理，为排水管网系统设计和优化研究提供了有效的方法，对工程设计有较好的参考价值。

Defining the rainwater catchments is a primary and essential step in programming and constructing urban storm sewer system, which step will directly decide the layout of the urban storm sewer system.

确定城市雨水汇水区是城市雨水管网规划建设中首要的，也是最关键的步骤，其直接决定着城市雨水管网的布局。

Suitable conditions of application , rainwater balance calculation and rainfall runoff intensity of undersoil are key issues in rainwater utilization engineering which are studied along with compiling Code of Design and Practice for Rainwater Utilization in Buildings and Sub-districts .

建筑与小区的雨水利用工程主要包括两方面：雨水入渗和雨水收集回用，也可将前者称为间接利用，将后者称为直接利用。

We can realize rain attempering and make good use of fresh water resources by expanding the reserving space of water and increasing the resting time of rain water in distributaries.

通过扩大雨水储蓄面积、增加雨水在支流上的停留时间等方式，可以实现雨水调度，增加可利用的淡水资源量。

Aiming at this question, the paper put forward utilizing layer of soil to depurating rainwater project. The paper researches the rule of soil depurating rainwater and ascertain measure of cortroling contamination, on the basis of which the paper put forward rainwater depurated by soil to manual recharging groundwater project.

针对这一问题，本文提出就地利用土壤层收集净化雨水的方案，研究了雨水在土壤层中的净化规律，确定需要采取的污染控制措施，并在此基础上以西安市某规划小区为例，提出雨水通过土壤层净化后人工补给地下水的实施方案。

Gargoyles carry away excess water via pipes running through their mouths; grotesques deflect rainwater by bouncing it off the top of their heads, noses or other projecting parts, and away from the stone walls.

滴水嘴通过穿过它们嘴巴的管道，将超量的水排出；滴水怪兽则是通过用自己的头顶、鼻子或其它突出部分将雨水弹开以偏转雨水，让雨水远离石墙。

In one corner was a stagnant pool of water, surrounding an islandof muck; there were several half-drowned fowls crowded together under a cart,among which was a miserable, crest-fallen cock, drenched out of all life andspirit; his drooping tail matted, as it were, into a single feather, alongwhich the water trickled from his back; near the cart was a half-dozing cow,chewing her cud, and standing patiently to be rained on, with wreaths of vaporrising from her reeking hide; a wall-eyed horse, tired of the loneliness of thestable, was poking his spectral head out of a window, with the rain dripping onit from the eaves; an unhappy cur, chained to a dog-house hard by, utteredsomething every now and then between a bark and a yelp; a drab of a kitchenwench tramped backwards and forwards through the yard in patterns, looking assulky as the weather itself; everything, in short, was comfortless and forlorn,excepting a crew of hardened ducks, assembled like boon companions round apuddle and making a riotous noise over their liquor.

在院子的一角，一潭污水围着孤岛似的粪堆；几只几乎被雨水淋透的鸡簇拥在一辆马车底下，其中一只可怜的公鸡，倒垂着鸡冠，被淋得没精打彩，毫无生气；它那聋拉着的尾巴粘结在一起，仿佛只成了一根羽毛，雨水顺着它从背脊往下直淌；离马车不远处，有一头睡眼惺松的奶牛，嘴里喂着反刍的食物，默默地站在那里，任凭雨水打在身上，湿淋淋的背上冒出缭绕的水气；一匹眼珠小而眼白特大的马厌倦了马厩里的寂寞，把它那幽灵似的脑袋从窗口探了出来，屋檐上的雨水滴沥滴沥地落在它头上；一只不幸的杂种狗被链条拴在近旁的狗窝里，时时发出似吠似嗥的声音；一个邋遢厨娘拖着木屐，迈着沉重的步于在院子里进进出出，她那郁郁不乐的神色，就像阴沉的天气一样；总之，除了一群饱经风雨的鸭子，像饮酒作乐的朋友那样聚集在污水潭的四周戏水而外，这儿的一切都令人感到凄凉和沮丧。

In one corner was a stagnant pool of water, surrounding an island of muck; there were several half-drowned fowls crowded together under a cart, among which was miserable, crest-fallen cock, drenched out of all life and spirit; his drooping tail matted, as it were, into a single feather, along which the water trickled from his back; near the cart was a half-dozing cow, chewing her cud, and standing patiently to be rained on, with wreaths of vapor rising from her reeking hide; a wall-eyed horse, tired of the loneliness of the stable, was poking his spectral head out of a window, with the rain dripping on it from the eaves; an unhappy cur, chained to a dog-house hard by, uttered something every now and then between a bark and a yelp; a drab of a kitchen wench tramped backwards and forwards through the yard in patterns, looking as sulky as the weather itself; everything, in short, was comfortless and forlorn, excepting a crew of hardened ducks, assembled like boon companions round a puddle and making a riotous noise over their liquor. By Washington Irving

在院子的一角，一潭污水围着孤岛似的粪堆；几只几乎被雨水淋透的鸡簇拥在一辆马车底下，其中一只可怜的公鸡，倒垂着鸡冠，被淋得没精打采，毫无生气；它那耷拉着的尾巴粘结在一起，仿佛只成了一根羽毛，雨水顺着它从背脊往下直淌；离马车不远处，有一头睡眼惺忪的奶牛，嘴里嚼着反刍的食物，默默地站在那里，任凭雨水打在身上，湿淋淋的背上冒出缭绕的水气；一匹眼珠小而眼白特大的马厌倦了马厩里的寂寞，把它那幽灵似的脑袋从窗口探了出来，屋檐上的雨水滴沥滴沥地落在它头上；一只不幸的杂种狗被链条拴在近旁的狗窝里，时时发出似吠似嗥的声音；一个邋遢厨娘拖着木屐，迈着沉重的步子在院子里进进出出，她那郁郁不乐的神色，就象阴沉的天气一样；总之，除了一群饱经风雨的鸭子，象饮酒作乐的朋友那样聚集在污水潭的四周呷呷嬉水而外，这儿的一切都令人感到凄凉和沮丧。

In one corner was a stagnant pool of water, surrounding an island of muck; there were several half-drowned fowls crowded together under a cart, among which was a miserable, crest-fallen cock, drenched out of all life and spirit; his drooping tail matted, as it were, into a single feather, along which the water trickled from his back; near the cart was a half-dozing cow, chewing her cud, and standing patiently to be rained on, with wreaths of vapor rising from her reeking hide; a wall-eyed horse, tired of the loneliness of the stable, was poking his spectral head out of a window, with the rain dripping on it from the eaves; an unhappy cur, chained to a dog-house hard by, uttered something every now and then between a bark and a yelp; a drab of a kitchen wench tramped backwards and forwards through the yard in patterns, looking as sulky as the weather itself; everything, in short, was comfortless and forlorn, excepting a crew of hardened ducks, assembled like boon companions round a puddle and making a riotous noise over their liquor.

在院子的一角，一潭污水围着孤岛似的粪堆；几只几乎被雨水淋透的鸡簇拥在一辆马车底下，其中一只可怜的公鸡，倒垂着鸡冠，被淋得没精打彩，毫无生气；它那聋拉着的尾巴粘结在一起，仿佛只成了一根羽毛，雨水顺着它从背脊往下直淌；离马车不远处，有一头睡眼惺松的奶牛，嘴里喂着反刍的食物，默默地站在那里，任凭雨水打在身上，湿淋淋的背上冒出缭绕的水气；一匹眼珠小而眼白特大的马厌倦了马厩里的寂寞，把它那幽灵似的脑袋从窗口探了出来，屋檐上的雨水滴沥滴沥地落在它头上；一只不幸的杂种狗被链条拴在近旁的狗窝里，时时发出似吠似嗥的声音；一个邋遢厨娘拖着木屐，迈着沉重的步于在院子里进进出出，她那郁郁不乐的神色，就像阴沉的天气一样；总之，除了一群饱经风雨的鸭子，像饮酒作乐的朋友那样聚集在污水潭的四周戏水而外，这儿的一切都令人感到凄凉和沮丧。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。