雌蕊的

Using cytohischemical staining methods, with the results of comparison the dynamics of proteins and polysaccharides in the anthe wall cells and colule cells of different developmental phases in female and male flowers, the anormogenesis of anther tapetum in the inflecting phase of from bisexual flower to unisexual flower was observed. In microspore developed phase, the tapetum functions of preserving and transportingmutritive material for microspore development and of secreting callosal enzyme for decompositing callosal cell lost no normal guadrant formed, of being abnormal meiose of pollen mother cells, and then, the stamen aborted selectively in female flowers and pistil in male flower.

利用细胞组织化学染色技术，对雌、雄花雄蕊花药壁细胞及花药内细胞发育过程中多糖及蛋白质动态进行了比较，实验中观察到雌花在从两性至单性花转变时期雄蕊绒毡层在整个发育过程中表现异常，在小孢子发育过程中未能起到贮藏、转运营养物质供小孢子发育及适时分泌胼胝质酶溶解胼胝质壁的功能，并且花粉母细胞减数分裂异常而未形成四分体结构，进而导致雌花雄蕊选择性败育，而雄花中雌蕊组织也发生了选择性败育过程。

Gynoecium 4-carpelled, rudimentary or lacking in male flowers; ovaries connate at base, otherwise contiguous ; ovules [1 or] 2 per locule; style apical or subapical, of 4 contiguous, coherent, or connate stylar elements; stigma usually punctiform, capitellate, or capitate.

雌蕊4心皮，在雄花内不发育或缺如；子房在基部合生，或邻接；胚珠 [1或者 ]2每室；花柱顶端或近尖端，具4枚邻接，连着，或合生的花柱单体；柱头通常点状，小头状，或头状。

Filaments short, broad; anthers exserted , sagittate, connivent, adherent to pistil head, lobes spurred at base; disc ringlike or cup-shaped, fleshy, margin 5-lobed, membranous.

花丝短，宽；花药外露，箭头形，靠合，对雌蕊头，耳垂基部具距来说粘性；杯状，肉质的花盘环形或，边缘5浅裂，膜质。

Flowers bisexual or bisexual and male; stamens more than 2 × as many as petals; gynoecium 2- to many loculed; ovules 2 to many per locule; fruit with stalked or rarely sessile pulp vesicles; leaves odd-pinnately 3(or 5)-foliolate, digitately 3-foliolate

花两性或两性和男性；雄蕊超过2 *同数花瓣；第2-到多室雌蕊群；胚珠2到多数每室；果具柄或很少无梗果肉囊；具小叶叶奇数羽状复叶的3(或5)，掌状具3小叶， 15

Male flowers: calyx lobes (3 or)4(or 5), free or basally adnate with pistillode, imbricate or valvate; stamens inflexed in bud; anthers small, reniform, extrorse.

雄花： 萼裂片(3或)4(或5)，离生或基部贴生于退化雌蕊，覆瓦状或镊合状的；雄蕊在芽中内折；花药小，肾形，外向。

In this paper, the biological characteristics of florescence, spikelet and inflorescences structure, morphogenesis formation of inflorescence, megasporogenesis and the development of female gametophytes were studied systematically by using anatomy structure, scanning electron microscopic and paraffin section methods. The results were as followed:(1) Phyllostachys praecox was the bamboo flowering fragmentarily; the cultivation changed the characteristic of flowering; the plantlets of flowering were complex and splitted into three kinds: the plantlet flowering before continued flowering; the plantlet flowering before stopped flowering and the plantlet changed into flowering. The inflorescence of Ph. praecox was indefinite inflorescence or called false inflorescence, and actually it was flower stress structure. Its basal unit was pseudospikelet with two kinds: apical spikelet and lateral spikelet. The floret had one lemma, one pelea, three stamens, one pistil and three lodicules.

本研究综合运用形态解剖学、扫描电镜、石蜡切片等技术手段，对雷竹花期生物学特性、小穗与花序构造、花序形态建成过程、大孢子发生与雌配子体发育等进行了较为系统的研究，结果表明：(1)雷竹为零星开花竹种，耕作条件对其开花特性具有重要影响；开花植株类型复杂多样，可以分为以前开过花现在继续开花、以前开过花现在停止开花以及以前未开过花现在转为开花等3种类型；雷竹花序为无限制花序或称&假花序&，实为花枝结构，基本单位为&假小穗&；假小穗有顶生和侧生之分；小花具内外稃各1枚，雄蕊3，雌蕊L，另具3枚大小不等之鳞被。

About the studis on sexual determination of ramie, the gynandrous primordium was formed firstlyduring sex differentiation in male flower.

关于苎麻性别决定的研究，前人观察表明苎麻雄花序分化过程中先形成雌雄蕊原始体，然后雌蕊退化形成雄花。

When the bud growed to 0.5centimeter before the the gynandrous primordium was formed, the male were easily induced by GA_3among apomixes species.

GA_3诱导苎麻属全雌性无融合生殖种产生雄花的试验表明，花芽分化至雌蕊原基分化形成之前(花芽长度0.5cm左右)比较容易诱导性转换。

Stamens 5 to very numerous, in 1-3 series, fused with the rudimentary pistil into a gynostemium or in bisexual flowers connate into a cylinder; free filaments absent; anthers 2-loculed, dehiscent longitudinally or by apical pores.

雄蕊5 到多，1-3 列，退化雌蕊愈合成合蕊柱或两性花合生成圆柱体无离生的花丝；花药2室，纵裂或者凭借顶孔开裂。

Male flowers: around apical pore, nearly always subtended by 2 bracteoles,± sessile; stamens (1 or)2, filaments joined at base; anthers mucronate; pistillode usually absent.

雄花： 在顶端的孔周围，近总是被2小苞片包着，多少无梗；雄蕊(1或者)2，花丝在基部连接；花药短尖；退化雌蕊通常无。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。