雌蕊

Male flowers: sepals 4-8, usually unequal, imbricate; petals absent; disk absent or obscurely glandular and between stamens (sometimes interpreted as staminodes); stamens 4-8, as long as or longer than sepals; filaments free; anthers 2-locular, introrse or extrorse, longitudinally dehiscent; pistillode usually enlarged at apex, depressed and bifid, usually pubescent.

雄花： 萼片4-8，通常不等长，覆瓦状；花瓣无；花盘无或生于雄蕊间且具腺；雄蕊4-8，等长于或长于萼片；花丝离生花药2室，内向或外向，纵向开裂；退化雌蕊通常在顶扩大，背腹扁平且2裂，通常短柔毛。

Female inflorescences of 1-7 or more flowers subtended individually or collectively by a cupule formed from numerous fused bracts, arranged individually or in small groups along an axis or at base of an androgynous inflorescence or on a separate axis. Female flower: perianth 1-7 or more; pistil 1; ovary inferior, 3-6(-9)-loculed; style and carpels as many as locules; placentation axile; ovules 2 per locule. Fruit a nut. Seed usually solitary by abortion (but may be more than 1 in Castanea , Castanopsis , Fagus , and Formanodendron ), without endosperm; embryo large.

雌花序有1-7朵花或更多花，聚生一壳斗内，壳斗为多数苞片愈合而成，雌花花被1-7或更多；雌蕊1；子房下位，3-6室(-9)；花柱、子房室和心皮同数中轴胎座每室2胚株果为一坚果种子通常单生（但是可能在Castanea，Castanopsis，Fagus 和Formanodendron里超过1个），没有胚乳；胚大。

The petal of Gli CMS crimples.The stamen turns into featheriness, the form of the petal , silk form or degradates. Without anther structure, the carpel, it is protruding that the outer edge grows tumour form.The growing style of stamen and pistil is the adhesion type or the scattered type. The shape of pistil is straight or hooked. The opening style of flower is full-nfolded,half-closed or full-closed.

Gli CMS的花瓣皱缩，雄蕊变为羽毛状、花瓣状、丝状或者退化；无花药结构，心皮化，周缘生有瘤状突起；雌雄蕊着生方式为粘连型，有的是散生型；雌蕊有的是直柱形，有的是钩型的；花朵开放方式为全展型、半闭型和全闭型。

In this paper, the biological characteristics of florescence, spikelet and inflorescences structure, morphogenesis formation of inflorescence, megasporogenesis and the development of female gametophytes were studied systematically by using anatomy structure, scanning electron microscopic and paraffin section methods. The results were as followed:(1) Phyllostachys praecox was the bamboo flowering fragmentarily; the cultivation changed the characteristic of flowering; the plantlets of flowering were complex and splitted into three kinds: the plantlet flowering before continued flowering; the plantlet flowering before stopped flowering and the plantlet changed into flowering. The inflorescence of Ph. praecox was indefinite inflorescence or called false inflorescence, and actually it was flower stress structure. Its basal unit was pseudospikelet with two kinds: apical spikelet and lateral spikelet. The floret had one lemma, one pelea, three stamens, one pistil and three lodicules.

本研究综合运用形态解剖学、扫描电镜、石蜡切片等技术手段，对雷竹花期生物学特性、小穗与花序构造、花序形态建成过程、大孢子发生与雌配子体发育等进行了较为系统的研究，结果表明：(1)雷竹为零星开花竹种，耕作条件对其开花特性具有重要影响；开花植株类型复杂多样，可以分为以前开过花现在继续开花、以前开过花现在停止开花以及以前未开过花现在转为开花等3种类型；雷竹花序为无限制花序或称&假花序&，实为花枝结构，基本单位为&假小穗&；假小穗有顶生和侧生之分；小花具内外稃各1枚，雄蕊3，雌蕊L，另具3枚大小不等之鳞被。

Recent data have provided clear insights into some aspects of self-recognition and rejection in the SI response of three types,the single-locus sporophytic and two distinct forms of single-locus gametophytic SI.

高等植物在长期的进化过程中，通过雌蕊识别并拒绝遗传上相近的花粉，防止近亲繁殖、保持遗传多样性，该机制被称为植物自交不亲和性。

About the studis on sexual determination of ramie, the gynandrous primordium was formed firstlyduring sex differentiation in male flower.

关于苎麻性别决定的研究，前人观察表明苎麻雄花序分化过程中先形成雌雄蕊原始体，然后雌蕊退化形成雄花。

When the bud growed to 0.5centimeter before the the gynandrous primordium was formed, the male were easily induced by GA_3among apomixes species.

GA_3诱导苎麻属全雌性无融合生殖种产生雄花的试验表明，花芽分化至雌蕊原基分化形成之前(花芽长度0.5cm左右)比较容易诱导性转换。

Gynoecium superior, of 1-5 distinct carpels with adaxial-basal style; ovary with (1 or)2(-5) ovules; ovule basal-marginal or marginal; style gynobasic; stigma clavate to capitate.

雌蕊群上位，具有1-5个离生的心皮和正面基生的花柱；子房具(1或)2(-5)胚珠；胚珠生于基部边缘或者边缘；花柱着生子房基部；柱头棍棒状或头状。

Both the pollen grains and the gynoecia are active.

花粉粒和雌蕊都具有活力。

The results indicated that compared with short photoperiod, under long photoperiod, plant height, caudex, leaf and leaf number increased, florescence delayed; The phase from the calyx differentiation stage to gynoecia differentiation stage lasted 3~4 days.

采用10h和16h两种光照条件对紫苏进行处理，观测光周期对紫苏生长发育的影响，结果表明：与短日照条件下的相比，长日照条件下生长的供试材料叶片数增加，叶片增大，茎增粗，植株增高，开花延迟；花芽分化从萼片原基形成开始，到雌蕊形成为止，持续3~4d。

This paper discusses design and realizable methods of remote test output interface from logical design angle.

本文从逻辑设计的角度讨论遥测输出接口的设计及实现方法。

This also 星体投射plies to buildings, structures and geological features.

这也适用于建筑物和地质特征。