集权

The Nationalist Government had changed the county magistrate-power-centralization into four-bureau-power-decentralization, given examination, training and inspection to the county magistrates, brought about a reform in departments and offices and abolished the runners, kept government clean and politics open. Those had reaped some fruits. But there has not been any research about this so far.

国民政府改县长集权制为四局分权制，对县长进行考试、训练和考察；进行房科改革和废除差役；实行廉政和庶政公开，开明清以来县政权组织变革先河，取得了一定效果，其影响甚至直达当代，但史学界对此研究尚付阙如。

The government was the employer in the highly centralized, planned economy and controlled the labor standards.

在高度集权的计划经济时代，政府是雇主，并且控制劳动标准。

Thecountry has been heading in the direction of an authoritarian, nationalistic,corporatist state for some time. The war with Georgia could tip it over the edge.

这个国家已经在集权主义、民族主义、社团主义的道路上走的太久，而与格鲁吉亚的战争也许是跌下悬崖的最后一步。

At the cross point of the 20th and the 21st century, the foreign trade policies of the U.S.

这些变化的主要特征表现在贸易决策集权化、贸易战略多轨化、影响因素政治化、政策思想保护化等方面。

I had applied to a position of Program Analyst on Decentralization and Deconcentration at the country office Phnom Penh and if succeed I will move to the capital probably mid next month.

我在金边的联合国开发署国家办公室申请了一个非集权项目分析员的职位。如果我成功了，就会在下月中搬回首都。

Fragmentation symbolizes reproduction of the interpretation of the world, which is also decentralization and deconcentration of power, indicating the possibility for individual experience, local history, and marginalized culture, to return to the spiritual value system.

碎片化暗示出对世界意义的阐释的增殖化，这一过程也是一种去中心化和去集权化的过程，它意味着个体经验、地方历史和边缘文化重新回到人类精神价值体系中的可能性。

Using talents in term of profit is one of the reason of the disunion of his group.

在袁世凯专制集权的过程中，这种矛盾与冲突就日益显现出

The errantry culture advocates to value promise, disvalue death, help the weak, uphold justice, etc. Nowadays people yearn for this culture will carry forward seeking the justice, fair and good faith.

侠文化在本质上倡导重承诺、轻生死、除强扶弱、仗义等，这在集权制的中国古代社会中必然会拥有其滋生、发展的丰富土壤，而在当今社会对侠文化的向往则是一种对正义的弘扬，对公正、诚信的追求。

Different distribution of power affects the performance of the internal control. Institution regulates the means to manage the labor, finance and matter so as to restrict the leaders over-use the power and ensure the enterprise in the right direction. Both power and institution have the character of rigidity. If the leader only paid attention to these two levels, the organization would appear the situation full of tediousness and rigidity. Therefore, in the process of development, the Non-state-run enterprise forms another character: flexible management. Through the flexible means, the Non-state-run enterprise avoid the tendency of doctrinairism and reduce the cost of rigidity, which ensures the validity of internal control.

权力决定了领导者与被领导者的等级关系，形成控制主体与控制对象之间的支配与被支配格局，不同的权力分配模式影响着内控制度贯彻执行的效果；制度以规范管理为目标，规定企业关于人、事、财、物等的管理原则、作业程序和控制办法，是制约独断专行、引导企业步入正轨的法则，制度的完善及有效与否关系到民营企业的成败；权力和制度具有高文本性特征，难免被生搬硬套，造成刚性管理，出现控制过严过死的情况，束缚了员工积极性和创造性的发挥，导致组织僵化和效率损失，因此民营企业在发展过程中伴随着另外一大特点，就是柔性管理，通过灵活变通的方法，避免了教条主义管理倾向，化解集权和制度的刚性成本，运用多种柔性化的管理方式向无为而治的内控最高境界迈进。

Unitarianism gave room for corruption, so anti-corruption was not possible as the drive came mainly from the emperorship, which was the origin of unitarianism.

加之反腐的主要动力是皇权，而皇权又是集权的根源，因而古代反腐实质上是不可能真正得到执行的。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。