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The results indicated that along with the increase of chilling requirement of varieties, each differentiation stage for different varieties was delayed, the sepal differentiation stage was extended, the pistil differentiation stage was shorten. The time difference of petal and stamen differentiation stages was little among different varieties.

结果表明:随着品种需冷量的增加,不同品种花芽分化的各个阶段开始的时间有所推迟,萼片分化期所用的时间逐渐延长,雌蕊分化期所用的时间逐渐缩短,而花瓣和雄蕊分化期所用的时间差异不大。

Floral organ determination is best explained by the ABCDE model postulated by genetic studies of Arabidopsis thaliana. Sepals are determined by A and E class genes; petals are determined by A, B, and E; stamens by B, C, and E; and carpels by C and E class genes. A, B, C, and E class gene lineages are known having duplicated several times during the evolution of angiosperms. One of the noted major duplication events occurred in the origin of the early angiosperms, leading to the formation of subgroups of B/C/D/E class. Another one occurred near the basal eudicots and gave rise to further subgroups in A/B/C/D/E class genes among core eudicots. The phylogenetic position of the family Buxaceae is located right where the second major duplication of ABCDE genes might have occurred, which is supported by multiple gene (nuclear 18S rDNA, chloroplast rbcL and atpB) phylogenetic analyses.

目前经由模式植物阿伯芥的研究,建花部器官决定基因的调控,即花萼由A、E 群基因共同决定,花瓣由A、B、E 群基因,雄蕊由B、C、E 群基因,而心皮由C 和E 群基因决定。A、B、C、E 四群基因在被子植物的演化过程中发生过次的复制事件,其中比较重要的一次发生在早期被子植物演化出之时,形成B/C/D/E 群基因的次系群;另一次复制事件则发生在真双子植物基群附近,形成仅於核心真双子植物的A/B/C/D/E 群基因之次系群。

Ovary 5(or 6)-locular; seeds numerous, winged or acute at both ends; pedicel jointed.

多数单性的花(两性花5月也发生);无的花瓣鳞片状或退化至的,在雄花内无的退化雄蕊;瓶形的花杯状倒锥状具子房外露的或和包围子房。

Sessile spikelet longer than rachis internode; lower glume elliptic-ovate to oblong, papery to leathery, 5–9-veined, marginally 2-keeled, keels pectinately spiny, often winged at apex; upper glume 3-veined, keeled along midvein, otherwise almost flat, often narrowly winged on lower keel; lower floret staminate, palea present; upper floret bisexual, upper lemma entire, awnless.

无梗小穗长于轴节间;下部颖片椭圆状卵形到长圆形,纸质到革质,5-9脉,具刺的2龙骨状,龙骨状的pectinately,通常具翅的在先端的稍微; 3脉的上面颖片,龙骨状沿中脉,几乎平的否则,龙骨状的通常狭翅在下部;雄蕊花的下部的小花,内稃宿存;全缘的上面小花两性,上面外稃,。

Spikelets 3.8–4.5 mm, usually purple tinged; glumes glabrous, veins scaberulous; lower glume 2.5–3 mm, 3–5-veined; upper glume as long as spikelet, 5-veined; lower floret staminate, as long as lower glume; upper floret 2.2–3 mm, lemma apex subentire, awned; awn geniculate with brown twisted column, 2.7–5 mm; callus hairs ca. 1/2 length of lemma.

小穗3.8-4.5毫米,通常,紫色微染;颖片无毛,脉;更低的颖片2.5-3毫米,3-5脉;上面颖片倍于小穗,5脉;雄蕊花的下部的小花,倍于更低的颖片;上面小花2.2-3毫米,外稃先端,具芒;用棕色的盘旋的柱子,2.7-5毫米膝曲的芒;约的胼胝体毛1/2段外稃。

Spikelets 5–6.5 mm, green tinged purple; glumes glabrous or rarely setose, scaberulous along veins; lower glume 4.5–5.5 mm, 3 (–5)-veined; upper glume 5-veined; lower floret staminate or barren, shorter than glumes or equaling lower glume; upper floret 2.5–3 mm, lemma apex awned, awn flanked by 2 slender erect bristles; bristles mostly 1–2.5 mm; awn geniculate with brown twisted column, 6–10 mm; callus hairs 1/4–1/3 length of lemma.

微染的小穗5-6.5毫米,绿色紫色;颖片无毛的或很少具刚毛,微糙的沿脉;更低的颖片4.5-5.5毫米,3(-5)脉;上面颖片5脉;无意义的下部小花雄蕊花或,短于颖片或等长下部的颖片; 2纤细的直立刚毛从侧面包围的上面小花2.5-3毫米,外稃先端具芒,芒;多数的刚毛1-2.5毫米;用棕色的盘旋的柱子,6-10毫米膝曲的芒;胼胝体毛1/4-1/3段外稃。

Spectacular plant having large prostrate leaves barred in reddish-purple and flowers with a clump of long yellow stamens in a coral-red cup of fleshy bracts; South Africa.

一种非常壮观的植物;具有大的俯伏的叶子,颜色呈微红至紫色;在珊瑚色杯状多肉的苞片里有一簇长的黄色的雄蕊;生长在南非。

Leaves are generally semi-evergreen, made up of 3-9 lanceolate or ovate leaflets that are deep green during the growth period, and change color to purple-green in autumn. Flowers of 5-10 cm across are set singly on long stems (10-15 cm) growing out of leaf axils. They comprise 4 to 8 oval, slightly wavy edged tepals which are creamy white and have a pale green central bar on the outer side. In autumn flowers turn slightly greenish.The striking appearance of the blooms is due to its unusually long contrasting stamens consisting of deep crimson-purple, almost black anthers set on filaments that are white at the base and violet at the top.

茎细长,有明显的纵条纹,茎长能达2米,靠叶茎攀爬在附着物上生存,叶对生,3-9个毛尖形或卵圆形叶片,叶片在生长期是深绿色,秋天变为紫红色,花朵直径5-10cm,在10-15cm长的叶腋处伸出,有4-8个卵形或圆形的微小苞片,苞片微微卷起,淡黄色,外面有浅绿色中心状条纹,秋天花朵变成浅黄绿色,花朵迷人魅力在于从深红色到深紫色一系列花色组成的雄蕊,深黑紫色的花药,由一些美丽的花丝组成,这些花丝的底部是白色,顶部是紫罗兰色,基部是白色。

Ray florets elongated faster than disc florets from phase P3, when tetrads of haploid microspores appeared, and the pigmentation of the ray floret began when the pollen grains showed germination apertures in the disc florets of the first whorl. The effects of light, sugar and GA3 on flower growth and development were investigated in vitro. Inflorescences in the P2 phase or later could grow and bloom in vitro, and sucrose, GA3 and light promoted flowering.

研究表明,分化完全的舌状花在P3期、即花粉细胞四分体出现之后长度超过盘状花,在盘状花的雄蕊出现具有萌发孔的花粉粒之后,舌状花开始着色。P2以后的花序经离体培养可以开放,光、糖和GA3对花序的生长和开放有显著的促进作用。

Inflorescence terminal, 1–11-flowered; pedicels scaly, usually setose; calyx (1–)2–15 mm, usually 5-lobed, sometimes reduced to undulate rim, scaly, margin mostly ciliate or setose; corolla broadly campanulate or rotate to saucer-shaped, usually yellow, rarely greenish, white or reddish, sometimes spotted, outer surface scaly, sometimes sparsely pubescent; stamens 10; ovary 5(or 6)-celled; style short, thick, sharply bent, usually scaly at base.

花序顶生,1-11花;花梗有鳞,通常具刚毛;花萼(1-)2-15毫米,通常5浅裂,有时波状的退化至凸缘,有鳞,多数边缘具缘毛或具刚毛的;花冠宽钟状或辐状到茶托状,通常黄的,带红色的带绿色,白色或带红色的,斑点,有鳞的外表面,有时疏生短柔毛的有时的很少;雄蕊10;子房5(或6)室;花柱短,厚,锐弯曲,通常有鳞的在基部。

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The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了,排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意,我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。

After an hour and no pup, look for continued contractions and arching of the back with no pup as a sign of trouble.

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