雄性的

It is concluded that there are three reasons resulted in male-sterility by floral organs abormality as follows :(1) The stomium enlongates faster;(2) Anther filaments do not elongate sufficiently to position the locules above the stigma at anthesis;(3) The anther locules do not dehisce at the time of flower opening (although limited dehiscence occurs later).

用石蜡切片技术，在光学显微镜下观察拟南芥部分雄性不育材料小孢子发育过程和各时期的花形态特征，分析雄性不育的原因。从花表型上分析导致雄性不育的原因有三个方面：（1）柱头伸长过快；（2）花药生长过慢；（3）花药开裂晚。

There are many reports about analysis of isozymes between male sterile lines and their maintainers, but different crops or varieties in same crop expressed dissimilarly. There were few reports about comparison study of isozymes between male sterile line in cabbage and its maintainer at present. Most reports about analysis of isozymes between male sterile lines and their mainainter were limited 1-2 isozymes.

有关细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系花药同工酶分析的报道已有相当多，但不同作物表现不一样，同一作物不同品种表现也有差异，而且目前有关甘蓝雄性不育系和保持系同工酶比较研究的报道极少，有关细胞质雄性不育系与保持系的同工酶分析的报道多限于1—2种酶。

The study on kenaf sterile line may be a base for the utilization of heterosis. In this paper, the research progress of kenaf sterile line was summarized based on the level of morphology, cell and molecule. We also discussed some related technological problems of heterosis.

红麻雄性不育系的研究是红麻杂种优势利用的重要基础，本文从个体形态、细胞和分子生物学层面上综述红麻雄性不育系的研究进展，并讨论和展望了红麻雄性不育与杂种优势利用的关键科学技术问题。

The characters could be defined as 12 combined types based on that on the sides of the head and pectoral fin. The secondary sexual characters are of diversity, and might vary among different species or within same species from different river system or even from the same rivers.

高原鳅的雄性第2性征具有多样性，不同种类的雄性第2性征可能存在差异，分布在不同或相同水系的同一种类的个体间雄性第2性征也可能发生变化。

Morphological and anatomical observationsshowed that the pol CMS plants in DGCMS-Yi-3A were complete sterile and hadno pollen sac differention at higher temperature condition,and were partialsterile and had 1-3 pollen sacs in each anther at lower temperature condition.

花器形态和花药发育的解剖观察表明，DGCMS-宜3A中表现波里马细胞质雄性不育的植株在高温条件下表现为彻底雄性不育，无花粉囊的分化；在低温条件下，表现部分雄性不育，可分化出1-3个花粉囊，产生少量可育花粉。

According to the results, we can find that female reproductive systemis made up of ovary, lateral oviduct, common oviduct, spermatotheca, accessory glandand genital chamber, which is typical polytrophic type. Then the male reproductivesystem consists of testes, vas deferens, vas efferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct,male accessory gland and pygostyle. Moreover accessory gland is fully developed,seminal vesicle is unclear, males testes and testicular follicle has degenerated before itflying, and the quantity of testicular follicle is different from the other kind of ants.

结果发现，拟黑多刺蚁的雌性生殖系统由卵巢、输卵管、中输卵管、受精囊、生殖腔和雌性附腺等结构组成，为典型的多滋式卵巢；雄性生殖系统由精巢、侧输精管、输精管、贮精囊、射精管、雄性附腺及阴茎等结构组成，雄性附腺发达，贮精囊不明显，婚飞前雄蚁的精巢及精巢小管已逐渐退化，精巢小管的数量与其它种类蚂蚁存在一定差别。

In mammals, testosterone synthesized by testis interstitial tissue play an important role in the physiological procedures such as malization of embryo development, production of sperm, male sexual behavior and male sex gland development.

在哺乳动物中，睾丸间质组织合成分泌的睾酮在胚胎发育的雄性化、精子的生成、雄性性行为以及雄性性腺的发育等生理过程中起着重要的作用。

To study the similarities and differences between male sterility induced by physiology and heredity, different male-sterile materials induced by heredity [S-type male-sterile line ms2611, ms1376] and physiology (induced by high temperature and chemical hybridizing agents SQ-1), Xinong 1376 and Xinong 2611 were used as materials, and their spikes at mononucleated prophase stage, anther and flag leaf at mononucleated anaphase stage, binucleated stage and trinucleated stage were used to conduct protein analysis.

为了研究小麦遗传型和生理型雄性不育在生化机制上的异同，以遗传型［S型不育系ms2611和ms1376］和生理型雄性不育小麦西农2611和西农1376（高温诱导和化学杀雄剂SQ-1诱导的雄性不育）为材料，分别取其小孢子处于单核早期的幼穗，单核后期、二核期、三核期的花药及旗叶进行了可溶性蛋白质的比较研究。

But one possibility is that, in a species in whichfemales routinely mate with several males, chimerism evolved as a way of dupingmales into looking after offspring that are not their own.

但是有一个可能是，在某些物种的世界里，雌性动物会通常与好几个雄性动物交配，而嵌合现象就逐渐成为蒙骗雄性动物的一种方式–雄性动物就此会好好照顾那些不属于自己的子女。

School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa

最初，雌性蜥蜴也会允许年轻雄性与之交配，只要不被体型较大的、占有欲强的成年雄性发现，否则这些成年雄性蜥蜴会驱赶和撕咬年轻的对手。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。