雄孢子

Dioecism, cylindrical flower balls hung, raw male top, female flower by the multi-chip ball Megasporogenesis plume leaves composed of yellowish-brown, edge of Health ovule.

雌雄异株，雄球花圆柱形，生雄株顶端，雌球花由多片羽状大孢子叶组成，黄褐色，边缘生胚珠。

In the late of April of the second year, male inflorescences unbound and pollinated. When female inflorescences accepted the pollen grains, ovary development was increased in early May. With the development of either of the two ovule, funiculus, integument and nucellus were differentiated. Embryo sac mother cell came into being and the meiosis begins. Then fuctional megaspore developed into matured embryo sac that contain eight nucleuses. In the end of May, double fertilization generated.

次年，4月下旬，雄花序解螺旋散粉，雌花序开花授粉；5月上旬，雌花序授粉后，迅速增长，子房膨大，两个胚珠分化出珠柄、珠被和珠心，珠心中产生孢原细胞；5月中下旬，大孢子母细胞形成并减数分裂，功能性大孢子形成成熟的八核胚囊；5月底，发生双受精。

Now the research has made progress.(1) The meiosis stages of megaspore could be discriminated timely through observing the meiosis of microspore under the same environmental conditions, according to the association of female and male buds during development.

1首次提出利用雌、雄花芽发育进程的时序性相关性，以相同生境以及培养条件下的小孢子发育进程为参照，从而相对准确地实现白杨大孢子母细胞减数分裂进程即时判别的技术方法。

In addition, the results of male gametophytic selection would be effect the phenotype of offspring in sporophyte due to about two-thirds of gene expression proceed during the growth stage of gametophyte and sporophyte.

此外，由于植物基因组中约有2/3的基因表达交错发生在配子体阶段和孢子体阶段，因此雄配子体选择的结果会影响到下一代孢子体的表现型。

Trophozoite,macrogamout,microgamout, typeⅠmeront,typeⅡmeront and sporozoite in the development of C.andersoni were observed by TEM.The proliferation of C.andersoni was significantly inhibited by 1.25μg/ml NTZ and 0.31μg/ml GAs.Treated with 20μg/ml NTZ and 5μg/ml GAs respectively,the numbers of C.andersoni were only 0.29%and 0.66%compared with the untreated.

透射电镜在HCT-8细胞中观察到安氏隐孢子虫的滋养体、雌配子体、雄配子体、Ⅰ型裂殖体、Ⅱ型裂殖体和子孢子阶段。1.25μg/ml NTZ和0.31μg/ml GAs即可显著抑制HCT-8细胞中安氏隐孢子虫的增殖。20μg/ml NTZ和5μg/ml GAs作用后，虫体数量仅分别为未加药的0.29%和0.66%。

Monosomic 3, monosomic 5, monosomic 10, trisomic 4 and trisomic 5 as experiment materials, their meiosis behavior of pollen mother cell, pollen characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics of anther, section observation of pollen development and the structure of embryo sac were studied, and the effects on the seed set and transmission rate were analyzed.

本文以大白菜同源四倍体小孢子培养产生的且已鉴定为3号单体、5号单体、10号单体、4号初级三体、5号初级三体的非整倍体株系及二倍体株系等为试材，对各材料的结籽率、雄配子传递率进行了统计，并对花粉母细胞减数分裂行为、花粉特性、花粉发育和胚囊结构以及花药生理生化特性等方面进行了观察研究，进而分析了其对大白菜单体n-1雄配子和三体n+1雄配子传递率的影响。

The reproductive development process of birch was described as follows: Male inflorescences extended from apical bud in early June. In later June, stamen primodium was differentiated in the bract of male inflorescence and the differentiation of bract was generated in female inflorescence. During July, anther layers and archesporial cell were differentiated in anther, then archesporial cell developed into mother microspore cell. Pistil primodium came into being at the same time. In early part of August the meiosis of mother microspore cell started. In later August, mono-nucleus microspore was formed. After September, both male inflorescence and female inflorescence were dormant.

白桦的生殖生长发育过程如下：6月初，雄花序从顶芽中生长出来。6月中下旬，雄花序苞片上分化出雄蕊原基，雌花序分化出苞片。7月，雄花花药分化出花药壁和孢原细胞，孢原细胞演化为小孢子母细胞，雌花序苞腋处分化出雌蕊原基；8月中上旬，小孢子母细胞减数分裂，8月下旬形成单核小孢子；9月后雄花序以单核小孢子状念越冬，雌花序以雌蕊原基状念越冬。

Dendrocalamus sinicus ; reproductive organs ; megasporogenesis ; microsporogenesis ; male gametophyte ; female gametophyte

巨龙竹；生殖器官；大孢子发生；小孢子发生；雄配子体；雌配子体

In heterosporous plants, the microspores give rise to small male prothalli bearing male sex organs, and larger female sex prothalli bearing female sex organs.

在具异形孢子的植物中，小孢子形成具小的雄性器官的雄原叶体，而大孢子形成大的具雌性器官的雌性原叶体。

The results showed that the sex ratio of trees was 1 m 2 f, and the natural T. cuspidata tree was able to sexually reproduce for many years. Male trees had fecundity when the diameter at breast height ranged from 1.5 cm to 92 cm, while female trees had fecundity when the DBH from 9.5 cm to 68.1 cm. Male trees typically flowered at the age about 20 years earlier than female trees. The numbers of microstrobili were 3 times more than that of megastrobili, and only 1/10 megastrobili developed into seed. The numbers of strobili and seed were correlated with DBH, crown diameter and height of trees; however, no significant correlations were observed with other site factors. Numbers of strobili decreased from the upper to lower canopy layers, while the quantity of seed decreased from the middle, upper to lower canopy layers. Seed-setting rate increased from the upper to lower canopy layers. Numbers of strobili and seeds in different directions of the canopy were not uniform, but the differences weren't significant.

结果表明：现实东北红豆杉天然种群中，♀♂性比为1：2；天然东北红豆杉有性生殖持续时间长，雄株胸径在1.5~92cm，雌株胸径在9.5~68.1cm保持生殖状态，雄株较雌株早约20年进入花期；天然东北红豆杉小孢子叶球数量平均为大孢子叶球数量的3倍，大孢子叶球转化为果实的数量不足1/10，孢子叶球数量、结实数量与样株的胸径、冠幅、树高显著相关，与其他立地因子相关不显著；孢子叶球数量在冠层间的分布呈现由上至下的递减规律，而结实数量在冠层间沿中、上、下递减，结实率沿冠层自上而下递增；孢子叶球与结实数量在树冠不同朝向上也呈现出一定的特点，但总体上差异不显著。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐