难溶性

Novel chitosan derivative with long alky groups as the hydrophobic moieties and carboxymethyl groups as the hydrophilic moieties was synthesized. The chemical structure of N-octyl-O, N-carboxymethyl chitosan was characterized via FTIR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. The physical properties were analyzed with wide angle X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry.

以天然可生物降解的壳聚糖为原料，通过在壳聚糖6位羟基上引入羧甲基，在2位氨基上引入疏水烷基链，制得N-辛基－O，N-羧甲基壳聚糖两亲性衍生物，分别用FTIR、1H NMR和元素分析等技术对其结构进行表征，用广角X射线衍射和差示扫描量热法对具物理性质进行分析，并考察其在各种溶剂中的溶解性能及其对难溶性药物的增溶能力。

Howerer, solid dispersion is one of the technologies of increasing the bioavailability of indissolvable drug, which force drug being at high disperdion state, Generally, drug particle diameter in solid dispersions was 0.001～0.1um, mainly dispersed condition was molecularity, metastable amorphism and colloidal state.

而固体分散体是增加难溶性药物的生物利用度的常用方法之一，其主要是使难溶性药物在水溶性载体中处于高度分散状态，一般而言，药物在固体分散体中的粒径为0.001～0.1μm，分散状态以分子状态、亚稳定态及无定形态或胶体状态多见。

The solubilities in some solvents were investigated and solubilization abilities of OCC for water-insoluble drugs were evaluated. The results show that the degree of substitution of carboxymethyl groups and octyl groups are determined to be 115.9% and 58.0%, respectively. OCC are insoluble in organic solvents while show a much better solubility in water and formed opalescence solutions, which increased the solubility of paclitaxel up to 500 folds in water. The drug loading and drug encapsulation efficiency of OCC are 34.6% and 89.9%, respectively.

所制备的OCC羧甲基取代度为115.9%，取代主要发生在6位羟基上；辛基取代度58.0%，取代主要发生在2位氨基上；与壳聚糖相比，OCC分子间／内氢键作用减弱；OCC在常用的有机溶剂中不溶，但在水中溶解度增加，能够形成具有淡蓝色乳光的纳米胶体溶液，对难溶性抗肿瘤药物紫杉醇具有优越的增溶能力，使紫杉醇在水中的溶解度提高近500倍，载药量34.6%，包封率为89.9%。

Aim To investigate the combined effect of cosolvent and cyclodextrin on solubilization of insoluble drugs.

目的 研究潜溶剂和环糊精对难溶性药物的联合增溶作用。

The validated mathematical model can be used to explain and predict the combined solubilization of the two insoluble drugs in different cosolvent systems.

该数学模型可以用于解释和预测潜溶剂和环糊精对难溶性药物的联合增溶作用。

The study on dissolution rate and porosity of complete dissolution is important to investigae the solution mining mechanism of the difficult soluble glauberite.

溶解速率、溶解速度及溶解后孔隙率的研究对充分认识难溶性钙芒硝盐岩水溶开采机理有指导意义。

Nanoemulsions, with a very good prospect in pharmaceutics in the future, had many good characters such as good solubilization to indissolvable drugs, delayed release, targets and high bioavailability.

纳米乳作为一种新型药物载体系统具有对难溶性药物强大的增溶作用，还具有明显的缓释作用、靶向性及较高的生物利用度等优点，在药剂学领域有广阔的应用前景。

No entire nitrendipine crystals were observed visually in SEM photos. The results of X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated that the crystalline form of nitrendipine was highly dispersed in microspheres, so as amorphous state. The drug release rate of microspheres could be controlled with adjusting the ratio of solid dispersion carriers and retarding agents formulated. The agitation speed and temperature of the preparation process have distinct effect on micromeritic properties of microspheres. The release profiles of the microspheres were mainly affected by the stirring rate of paddle, the concentration of SDS and pH of dissolution medium. Cooling speed and time, however, have no evident influence on the drug release rate of the microspheres. The dissolution data showed that the mechanism of drug release from microsphers was mainly diffusion-controlled. The incorporation efficiencies of 3 batches sample were exceed 96. 8％, which implied that the current method was suitable for design sustained-release dosage form for poorly water-soluble drug.

在扫描电子显微镜下观察，在微球内外未发现尼群地平的完整结晶，X-射线粉末衍射和差示扫描量热试验结果也显示，尼群地平已经被高度分散在微球中；微球的释药速度可通过调整处方中固体分散体载体和阻滞剂的比例控制；制备温度和搅拌速度对微球的质量影响较大；溶出仪的搅拌速度，释放介质的浓度和pH对微球的释放有较大的影响；制备过程中的冷却速度和冷却时间对微球的释放行为影响不很明显；方程拟合的结果表明缓释微球的释药行为符合扩散机制；测定三批微球样品的包封率均在96.8％以上，表明该法适合于制备难溶性药物的缓释微球。

It has the characteristic of enwrapping insoluble substances and forming colloids, and so is the carrier of insoluble and environmental hazardous substances to exist and transfer in water body.

其具有包裹难溶性物质而形成胶体的特点，是难溶且具有环境风险的有机物在水体中存在和转移的载体。

Especially for textile materials, it is very difficult to penetrate into them. Because antimony oxide is neither soluble nor readily dispersible in water and some polar organic solvents, it is inconvenient to use.

尤其是用于纺织物，大颗粒的氧化锑很难渗透进纤维内部，而且，由于氧化锑在水和常用有机溶剂中的难溶性，也很难将其均匀涂覆或分散于化纤织物中。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失