隐喻

Afterwards, this article deals with the making and functions of heroic rhetorical fantasy based on some language materials; the absolute authority rhetorical fantasy created by recessive heroic discouse; the ideal model rhetorical fantasy created by dominant heroic discouse, possessing the functions of paradigm, instruction and dedication; the shaping allegory of rhetorical fantasy created by hero's absolutory discouse; the shaping allegory rhetorical fantasy created by future-hero's absolutory, possessing the functions of proving and punishing; the value identification rhetorical fantasy created by sub-hero's confiding discouse, possessing the functions of assisting, exposing evil and carrying forward good; the background metaphor rhetorical fantasy created by pan-hero's praising discouse, possessing the functions of receiving kindness and worship; the opposite symbolic rhetorical fantasy created anti-hero's foolish discouse.

接着，结合语料对"英雄"修辞幻象的生成与功能进行梳理：隐性英雄的语录式话语生成"绝对权威"的修辞幻象，并具有全面控制的功能；显性英雄的号召式话语生成"理想样板"的修辞幻象，并具有楷范功能、教谕功能和献身功能；准英雄的忏悔式话语生成"成长寓言"的修辞幻象，并具有迷误功能、证明功能和惩戒功能；亚英雄的倾诉式话语生成"价值认同"的修辞幻象，并具有协助功能、显恶功能和扬善功能；泛英雄的颂扬式话语生成"背景隐喻"的修辞幻象，并具有受恩功能和崇拜功能；反英雄的愚狂式话语生成"对立符码"的修辞幻象，并具有反衬功能。

Metaphor is the cognitive way to conceptualize an abstract category on the basis of the experiences in another category within a different domain, and metonymy is the cognitive way to activate one cognitive category by referring to another category within the same domain.

隐喻是人类将其某一领域的经验用来说明或理解另一类领域的一种认知方式，转喻是同一认知域内相关联的两个事物中，一个突显事物替代另一事物的认知方式。

Your goal with metaphors is to take an abstract or complex idea and anchor it down into something easy to understand.

你的目标是通过隐喻，使一个抽象而复杂的知识点变得容易理解。

A number of abstract concepts such as publicity, intelligence, hope and happiness are metaphorically understood in terms of light through mappings across conceptual domains.

研究表明在英、汉语中都存在着大量的以光作为"源"概念的隐喻表达，通过"光"来理解一些抽象的概念，如公开性、智慧、希望、快乐等。

It can be inferred from the analysis of the two languages that people employ things they are familiar with to refer to abstract concepts, for example, the spatial concepts of UP and DOWN can be used for abstract concepts like NUMBER, STATUS, QUALITY etc.

两种语言中UP，DOWN空间概念的使用是人们遵循"近取诸身，远取诸物"的原则，将空间域的概念投射到数量，社会地位，情绪状态以及好坏等抽象概念域，以减小认知难度的结果。隐喻的使用和理解符合人类认知的普遍规律。

The exploration and attention on abstract power of painting are not that of abstract ways but the metaphor.

对绘画自身抽象力量的关注和探索，不是对抽象形式的关注和探索，而是对隐喻的关注和探索。

Therefore, it was not a realistic work in a strict sense, but the one full of modern flavor mixed by symbol, metaphor, dreams, absurdness and mythological mode.

因此，它不是一部严格意义上的现实主义作品，而是运用象征、隐喻、梦幻、荒诞和神话模式构建出来的一部极富现代意味的作品。

Therefore,it was not a realistic work in a strict sense,but the one full of modern flavor mixed by symbol,metaphor, dream s,absurdness and mythological mode.

因此，它不是一部严格意义上的现实主义作品，而是运用象征、隐喻、梦幻、荒诞和神话模式构建出来的一部极富现代意味的作品。

There is no place for metaphor or analogy in this process, since these accentuate the superficial.

在此过程中没有隐喻和类推，因为设计著重於表面。

Ever since Aristotle, the research of metaphor has received significant attention by the rhetoricians and philosophers. It has become a study since the 70th in the last century and then metaphormania emerged in the European and American academic circle.

隐喻研究源远流长，自亚里斯多德提出起一直受到修辞学家特别是哲学家的关注，而且在20世纪70年代欧美学术界几乎成为一种显学，在国际学术界更是形成了一种对隐喻进行跨学科研究的狂热。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失