随机的

Based on the interval probability and the second fuzzy probability, go a step further the definition and characters of random variables with the third fuzzy probability and the fuzzy distribution function and fuzzy probability distribution sequence were put forward.,the definition and characters of mathematical expectation and variance were studied also.

在区间概率和第二类模糊概率的基础上，进一步给出了具有第三类模糊概率的随机变量及其模糊分布函数和模糊分布列的定义和性质，并研究了模糊概率随机变量的模糊数学期望和模糊方差的定义和性质，进一步完善了模糊概率理论。

Then the explicit expression of it under exponential claims and the differential equation are obtained.Thus we discuss the effects of credit and debit interests on it through data analysis. Through the research of the mean,the moment generating function and the higher moments of discounted aggregate dividend payments,we discuss the optimal dividend payments problems.

而对于Gerber-Shiu函数的研究，则是通过随机过程及随机微分方程的知识得到它满足的积分-微分方程及边值问题，然后得到了它在指数索赔下的明确表达式以及Erlang(2)索赔下满足的微分方程，并通过数值分析得到贷款利息及存款利息对它的影响。

Tailored exercise programs and yoga have been shown to reduce pain and prevent relapses in patients with chronic LBP.186–190 In randomized,clinical trials, osteopathic manipulation has been shown to provide moderate relief for LBP patients,191,192although one study showed no difference between the benefits afforded by true and sham manipulation.193 Acupuncture has also been shown in randomized trials to provide significant benefit in patients with chronic LBP.194–196 However, similar to manipulation, one of the largest and most methodologically sound studies found no difference between true and sham acupuncture.197

简易体操和瑜伽被证实在LBP患者中能减轻疼痛防止复发。在随机对照临床研究中，整骨推拿显示可以轻度缓解LBP患者的症状，但是一项研究显示真正和假的推拿对比后结果之间无差别。在一项随机研究中，针灸似乎也可以缓解LBP的症状，但是像推拿一样，一项大样本，方法更科学的研究认为真正和假的针灸结果并无差别。

Chapter four first analyzes the forming reason for the supply chain satety st -ock and analyzes the relationship between lead time and the safety stock of com -ponent commonality, and it establishes a decision framework of safety stock. There is a case study based on an Auto-electric Motor Company.

第4章介绍了供应链的安全库存的形成，并结合汽车电机产品的特点和企业库存特点，分析了随机提前期下采用通用件对安全库存的影响，提出了随机提前期下安全库存的控制策略，并在结合实例分析了安全库存控制策略选择问题。

Comparing to the deterministic case, the base space of RDS is one probability space without any topology, which is one of the essential difficulties from the deterministic case to random case. We conquer the difficulty in this paper.

随机动力系统和确定性动力系统相比，它的底空间是一个没有任何拓扑结构的概率测度空间，这一点恰是从确定性系统到随机动力系统的一个本质困难之一，无论是对有限维的情形还是对无穷维的情形。

The key problems of software radio and direct sequence spread spectrum range used in high range radio fuze are discussed. The effects of doppler frequency and carrier's initial random phase are analyzed. A new direct sequence spread spectrum algorithm based on software radio is proposed, by using differential encoding and quadrature demodulating, the effects of doppler frequency and carrier's initial phase on the output of inference filter are eliminated successfully.

研究了软件无线电和直接扩频测距技术在大炸高无线电引信应用中的关键技术问题，分析了由于多普勒效应引起的载波频偏以及载波随机相位对测距的影响，提出了一种基于软件无线电的直接序列扩频解调算法，通过采用差分编码和正交解调的方法，消除了多普勒频偏和载波随机相位对测距的影响。

In contrast to conventional optimization algorithms whose iterates are computed and analyzed deterministically, randomized methods rely on stochastic processes and random number/vector generation as part of the algorithm and/or its analysis.

传统的最佳化演算法中迭代的计算和分析是确定的，与之相比，随机方法依靠随机过程和乱数字/向量的生成作为演算法和演算法分析的一部分。

Based on the previous works, we study Markov chains in random environments, especially random walk in random environments in this dissertation.

在前人的研究的基础上，本文研究了随机环境中的马氏链的有关问题，主要讨论了独立环境中的随机游动这个具体的模型。

In the special case of GLM—normal linear model with classical link function,we compare our methods with existing ones and our methods perform more excellently.Finally,sequential detection of structural changes is studied in nonparametric regression models o Based on Nadaraya-Watson estimator of regression function,we calculate the residual series and construct "residual cumulative sum process" with weight values of kernel estimator of "long-run average density function".

在随机模拟一节中，给出了布朗桥的h-增量过程的"Max-Max"泛函统计量的经验分位数表，并在随机模拟中验证了文中所提"部分和"与"滑动和"方法的有效性，同时在广义线性模型取"典则连接函数"时的特例—正态线性模型场合，与已有方法进行了对比，结果显示文中所提方法表现更优。

This paper research on the effect of investment with reserve for insurance price by theory of backward stochastic differential equation.

本文利用倒向随机微分方程的理论，在考虑保险公司提计准备金的背景下研究投资对于保险价格的影响，建立了再保险投资定价的正倒向微分随机方程的模型，并给出了保险价格的显性解。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。