随机法

Assignment Method Required Attributes Required Settings All or Nothing Time none Capacity Restraint Time Iterations Capacity Convergence Alpha Beta Incremental Time Iterations Capacity Convergence Alpha Beta User Equilibrium Time Iterations Capacity Convergence Alpha Beta Stochastic User Equilibrium Time Iterations Capacity Convergence Alpha Beta Function Error System Optimum Time Iterations Capacity Convergence Alpha Beta

表格格式乱了，就这么翻吧） 1。全有全无分配法。所需属性：时间；所需设置：无； 2。容量限制法。所需属性：时间，通行能力；所需设置：迭代，收敛，α，β； 3。增量分配法。所需属性：时间，通行能力；所需设置：迭代，收敛，α，β； 4。用户平衡法。所需属性：时间，通行能力；所需设置：迭代，收敛，α，β； 5。随机用户平衡法。所需属性：时间，通行能力；所需设置：迭代，收敛，α，β，函数，误差； 6。系统最佳法。所需属性：时间，通行能力；所需设置：迭代，收敛，α，β。

The first model is the optimization problems with s linear objective function subject to a system of fuzzy relation equations and a system of fuzzy relation inequalities, which are solved by using path method and 0-1 integer programming with branch and bound method.

第一种为约束为模糊关系方程和模糊关系不等式的具有线性目标函数的优化问题，采用路径法及0-1整数规划中的分枝定界法对其求解；第二种为约束为模糊关系方程和模糊关系不等式的格线性规划问题，采用直接法、路径法及0-1整数规划法对其求解；第三种为模糊关系不等式为模糊的，即约束中有一个可接受的容差，采用容差法及正负理想法对其求解；第四种是一种新的可能性模糊线性规划问题，采用模糊数大小比较法、"切片-粘贴"法及正负理想法，并设计了随机模拟的遗传算法对其求解；第五种为期望值模型，利用期望值将其转化为清晰约束系数的线性规划问题的方法。

The mechanical parameters in the model are treated as random variables and it is then resolved with Taylor extension stochastic finite element method, The distribution characteristics of the pore pressure, the effective stress and the displacement are researched by treating the mechanical parameters of the rock as random variables. The sensitivities of the pore pressure, the effective stress and the displacement to the random mechanical parameters are also analyzed.

视模型中的参数为随机变量，采用Taylor展开随机有限元法对该模型进行数值模拟，研究参数具有随机性情况下耦合场中孔隙压力、有效应力，位移等场变量的随机分布特征及孔隙压力、位移等场变量对参数的灵敏度。

In contrast to conventional optimization algorithms whose iterates are computed and analyzed deterministically, randomized methods rely on stochastic processes and random number/ vector generation as part of the algorithm and/ or its analysis.

传统的最优化算法中迭代的计算和分析是确定的，与之相比，随机方法依靠随机过程和随机数字/量的生成作为算法和法分析的一部分。

In chapterⅡ, considering GLMMs data which the number of high units is different and the number of low units is small and unbalanced, we Conduct a series of simulations, the simulations show that regardless of the number of the level 2 units,the Bayesian estimate of random effects residual variance is more precise than PQL and the PQL estimation deviates from the true value seriously; In terms of the fixed effects estimates, When the number of level 2 units is 20, The mean and median of the Bayesian estimate is more precise than PQL,But With the number of level 2 units increase,the estimate of two methods is similar. Thus, in practical applications, we recommend the use of Bayesian method.

第二章针对不同高水平单位数，低水平数较小且不平衡的GLMMs数据，进行模拟研究，研究表明：无论水平2单位数的大小，贝叶斯方法随机效应残差方差估计值远比PQL法更接近真实值，PQL法严重偏离了真实值；而对固定效应参数估计值，当水平2单位数为20时，贝叶斯法各参数的均数和中位数均要较PQL法更接近真实值，而随着水平2单位数的增加，两种方法在估计固定效应参数时相差并不大，因而，在实际应用中，推荐采用贝叶斯法。

One way is to regard them as the random variables submit to a certain distribution; another is to take them as a random process—— we derive random variables form any of its function's time development, and, the diffusion equation could be partially approached by a equation which is similar to the Ito stochastic integral equation so that the Ito stochastic integral equation is inter-related with the diffusion equation. Therefore, this process could basically reflect the uncertainty in different models.

PSFEM法是假定基本随机变量在均值点处产生微小摄动，利用Taylor级数把随机变量表示为确定部分和由摄动引起的随机部分，从而将有限元控制方程转化为一组线性的递推方程，求解得出位移的统计特性，进而求出应力的统计特性。

By using the transfer matrix method of multibody system, the hard problem of computation of the vibration characteristics of LRMLRS coupled with rigid bodies and elastic bodies is solved which is very difficult to the ordinary dynamic methods, and the vibration characteristics of LRMLRS which is varied when the number of rockets in the launch device is varied, is obtained conveniently. By developing augmented eigenvectors of the LRMLRS and its orthogonality conditions, the nonorthogonality problem of the multibody system including rigid bodies and elastic bodies is solved and the exact analysis of the dynamics response of the LRMLRS including rigid bodies and elastic bodies is realized. By using the random integer programming method, the hard optimization problem which contains continuous variables, discrete variables and random variables at the same time is solved. This method provides a technology for optimum design with random variables and discrete variables. The dynamic optimum design is realized to decrease the number of rockets consumption in the LRMLRS test. The simulation system of dispersion of fire is established by using the maximum entropy method to estimate dispersion of fire.

通过应用多体系统传递矩阵法，解决了刚弹耦合远程多管火箭多体系统振动特性这一通常力学方法不便于解决的计算难题，方便地获得了远程多管火箭振动特性及其随发射架上火箭弹个数变化而变化的情况；通过构造增广特征矢量及其正交性条件，解决了刚弹耦合多体系统特征矢量不具有通常意义下的正交性的难题，实现了对刚弹耦合远程多管火箭动力响应的精确分析；应用随机整数规划法，解决了同时考虑连续、离散和随机变量等多种设计变量的优化设计难题，为含随机和离散变量的优化设计提供了手段，实现了减少远程多管火箭试验用弹量的动态优化设计；建立了应用最大熵法估计的密集度仿真系统，优化射序和射击间隔，实现了提高远程多管火箭射击密集度的动态优化。

METHODS: A total of 20 patients with congenital meso immaturity cleft palate, aged 2-12 years, were randomly and evenly divided into control and bone grafting groups. Orthodox simplex two-flap operation was used to repair cleft palate in the control group, and two-flaps operation was adopt to repair soft tissue meanwhile implant OAM to repair bone defects in cleft hard palate in bone grafting group.

随机选取20例年龄在2~12岁的先天性正中Ⅱ度腭裂患者，随机平均分成对照组和植骨组，对照组采用常规的单纯两瓣法修复腭部软组织缺损；植骨组采用两瓣法修复腭部软组织缺损的同时，植入骨诱导活性材料修复硬腭骨组织缺损。

The probability distribution model is often used in simulation system to get the needed random number. Firstly how to simulate approximately the common method of probability distribution with Monte-Carlo is presented, and a high quality number randomizer is designed. The frequent stochastic distribution models on simulation system are mainly examined, which have some worth in utility.

计算机仿真系统中经常要应用研究对象的随机分布模型获得符合要求的随机数，给出了利用蒙特卡罗法来近似地描述研究对象的概率分布的一般方法，设计了高质量的随机数发生器，研究了利用MC法得到计算机仿真系统中常见的随机分布模型算法，具有一定的实用价值。

METHODS: An open, randomized, twoperiod crossover study was conducted in 18 healthy volunteers. Concentrations of gatifloxacin in plasma were assayed by HPLC after a single oral dose of 400 mg of the tested capsules or the referenced tablets. The main pharmacokinetic parameters ［AUC（0-24h）, Cmax and Tmax］ were analyzed by two onesided t test. RESULTS: The concentrationtime curve after medication conformed to onecompartment open model with a first order absorption.

采用双周期随机交叉、自身对照试验设计法，将18例男性健康志愿者随机分为两组，分别单剂量口服甲磺酸加替沙星胶囊400 mg和甲磺酸加替沙星片400 mg，经1 w清洗期后交叉换药，以高效液相色谱法测定受试者服药后血浆中加替沙星的经时浓度，计算加替沙星药动学参数，以双单侧t检验统计法比较两种甲磺酸加替沙星制剂是否具有生物等效性。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。