随机法

The results showed that:(1) we can mapping quantitative trait locus while estimating the variance component of QTL;(2) granddaughter design is better than daughter design when mapping QTL;(3) it is easy to map a QTL for trait with a high heriability and a large QTL variance contribution;(4) we can estimate the variance component of a QTL by TM-BLUP based on ML method whether the QTL has only 2 alleles or QTL has normal distributed alleles effects;(5) the estimation accuracy of variance component contributed by QTL was improved by using of grand daughter design;(6) the higher the heritability and the QTL variance contribution was, the more accurate estimation of QTL variance component.

结果表明：（1）采用随机QTL效应模型和最大似然法，在估计QTL方差组分的同时，能够定位QTL；（2）孙女设计与女儿设计相比，在其它因素相同时，容易检出QTL；（3）遗传力高，QTL方差贡献较大的性状，QTL检出的效果优于遗传力低，QTL方差贡献较小的性状；（4）无论QTL上有2个等位基因，还是QTL上等位基因的效应服从正态分布，都可将其看作随机效应，采用基于TM-BLUP的ML法，估计其方差组分和定位QTL；（5）QTL方差组分估计的准确性，孙女设计高于女儿设计；（6）遗传力高的性状，QTL方差贡献大的QTL，QTL方差组分估计的准确性高。

Based on the equivalent transformation from fuzzy possibility distribution to random probability density distribution, the fuzzy random failure probability calculation can be formulated easily, and a First Order and Second Moment method for fuzzy - random analysis is established.

提出了模糊随机可靠性分析的近似解析和数字模拟综合方法，基于模糊变量的等价随机化变换，可以方便地得到模糊随机失效概率的计算公式，并建立了模糊随机可靠性分析的一次二阶矩法。

Aim at the efficiency and precision of the stochastic FEM, two kind of new stochastic FEM are put forward and the correlative theories and methods are established: 1 The stochastic FEM based on Gauss integral method Establish the method of Stochastic FEM based on the Legendre integration.

本论文针对如何提高非线性结构随机有限元计算精度和效率，提出了两种新的随机有限元法，建立了相应的理论和方法，具体如下： 1、Gauss类积分随机有限元方法建立了基于Legendre积分的随机有限元方法。

Aim at the efficiency and precision of the stochastic FEM, two kind of new stochastic FEM are put forward and the correlative theories and methods are established:1 The stochastic FEM based on Gauss integral methodEstablish the method of Stochastic FEM based on the Legendre integration.

本论文针对如何提高非线性结构随机有限元计算精度和效率，提出了两种新的随机有限元法，建立了相应的理论和方法，具体如下： 1、Gauss类积分随机有限元方法建立了基于Legendre积分的随机有限元方法。

A two dimensional stochastic nonlinear dynamical model of semi-active suspension system is presented considering the stochastic factor of the road. The Hamilton function is also described as one dimension diffusion process by using stochastic average method, the stationary stability is studied by solving the Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equation. The Backward Kolmogorov equation for reliability function had been established.

考虑路面随机因素的影响，首先建立二自由度汽车半主动悬架的随机非线性动力学模型，运用随机平均法，将Hamilton函数表示为一维扩散过程，并运用奇异边界理论分析系统的全局随机稳定性，建立可靠性函数所满足的Backward Kolmogorov方程，结合初始条件和边界条件得出数值结果。

By producing pseudorandom number series, we rectify the power spectrums of normal random inputs in the same shape as power spectrums of simulating signals. Through Laplace transformation, we can acquire the frequency response functions of rectifier. Two simulating examples were presented. The power spectrum curves based on one peak function model were almost coincided with the power spectrum curves of simulating loads shown in the figures. Simulating results of input loads had good accuracy. Creating a simulating method and program of input load in this paper was effective.

本文利用随机过程仿真的一般理论在已知随机载荷的分布特性、均值、方差和功率谱函数以后，实现随机载荷的计算机仿真，即利用仿真技术得到符合已知载荷的分布特性和功率谱特性的随机载荷的时间序列。1 产生伪随机数序列及分布整形采用乘同余法产生伪随机数的递推公式为[2 ] ：yi+1 =λyi ( 1 )式中M =2

As a result, the mass matrix, the stiffness matrix, the damping matrix and the excitation coefficient matrices of the dynamics differential equations are random parameter matrices. According to the minimum deviation rule of the mean squares between the random parameter system and the deterministic parameter system, the random mean square deviation vector function between the two systems has been set up and the deterministic parameter system has been solved.

应用Newton-Euler矢量法对挂接车辆系统建立了质量阵、刚度阵、阻尼阵和激励系数阵皆为随机参数阵的八自由度随机参数系统动力学微分方程，并按照随机参数系统与确定性参数系统之间的均方值偏差最小的原则，建立了两系统之间的随机均方偏差矢量函数，由此解出了相应的确定性参数系统

Eight hierarchical clustering methods including single linkage method, complete linkage method, median linkage method, centroid method, unweighted pair-group average method, Wards method, flexible-beta method and weighted pair-group average method were combined with three sampling strategies, random, preferred and deviation sampling to develop 24-core collections.

川最短距离法、最长距离法、中间距离法、重心法、不加权类平均法、离差平方和法、可变法和加权配对算术平均法等8种系统聚类方法，结合随机取样法、优先取样法和变异度取样法等3种取样方法，发展了24个水稻核心种质库。

Structural reliability usually is analyzed in Descartes coordinates in which the correlated random variables should be converted to uncorrelated random variables by an orthogonal transformation method.

针对正交空间内，对相关随机变量的可靠指标求解时，需要做正交变换的缺点，研究了广义随机空间内结构可靠指标的计算方法，首次提出了广义随机空间内结构可靠指标计算的随机有限元法。

The random errors of main factors in flood regulation process are identified; and combining flood forecast, the randomnesses of main parameters such as initial reservoir level, inflow flood, outflow flood, etc., are analyzed. By using the first order second moment method and theoretic distribution, the random distributions of parameters are described then the routing process of a certain preflood limit water level is random, which can well reflect the random preflood influences in actual regulation.

对防洪调度过程各主要相关参数进行了随机误差识别，结合洪水预报对起始水位、人库洪水、泄流等主要参数的随机性进行分析，应用一次二阶矩法和相应的理论分布函数描述事件的随机分布，对应某一汛限水位的调洪过程不再是一确定过程，而是具有随机分布特性，反映了实际防洪调度中各随机因素的影响作用。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。