随机搜索

Progressive pruning can save a lot of simulations,but it is very dangerous in the framework of tree search. When doing tree seach,the central limit theorem does not apply,because the out comes of random simulations are not identically distributed.

渐进式修剪可节省大量的仿真，但在树搜索的范围内它是非常危险的，在做树搜索，中心极限定理并不适用，因为随机仿真的结果是不相同的分配。

Combining the probabilistic jumping search of simulated annealing with the geometry search in convex polyhedron of simplex method, this paper proposes a class of effective search strategies for parameter estimation of nonlinear systems.

摘要结合模拟退火的随机概率突跳性搜索和单纯形法的凸多面体几何搜索，提出了非线性系统参数估计的一类有效搜索策略。

Adjacency search, double linked element list, random direction search, adjacency rotation, and heredity of geometrical quantities are applied to increase the efficiency of mesh generation. The relationship between the computing time and the number of generated elements is nearly linear and the time complexity is O(N^1.05), where N is the number of elements.

采用了邻接单元搜索、双向链表存储、随机方向搜索、邻接旋转、几何量继承等技术，使算法的计算时间与生成单元数近似呈线性关系，时间复杂度达到O(N^1.05)，N为生成单元数。

In this paper, the theory, algorithm, and experiment of automatic object detection and tracking are studied in depth. It is firstly pointed out that the essential of Mean Shift method is a special Newton-Gaussian method. A new method named Fast Mean Shift is established to stretch the conservative step of Mean Shift method. The convergence and validity of this new method are proved in theory. And it is also proved that the convergence speed of Fast Mean Shift is faster than that of Mean Shift. The contrast experiments of searching the maximum possibility density of random of data sets in plane and 3D space are done. The results show that this new method can reduce the iterations greatly. A new object tracking method based on Fast Mean Shift is built to improve the object tracking performance, which is shown in the face tracking experiment with the tennis sequence provided by the Ohio State University, and the car tracking experiment with the car sequence provided by Kalsruhe University. The face trcking experiment with highly noised images show that the object tracking method based on Fast Mean Shift has strong anti-jamming ability. A new fast color object detection technology based on characteristic color is established, which use characteristic color distribution to compute the characteristic color vector of any area in an image quickly. With the high performance search method, the fast object detection is achieved. At last, using object tracker based on Fast Mean Shift and color object detector based on characteristic color with the Kalman filter, PID controller, searial communication and other technologies, automatic object detection and tracking system with control system is built. The availability and anti-jamming ability of this system are verified by some object detection and tracking tests in different scenes.

本文对目标自动识别与跟踪进行了理论、计算、试验三方面的深入研究，主要包括：首次指出了目标跟踪技术中常用的均值迁移方法的本质为一种特殊的高斯-牛顿方法，改进了均值迁移方法步长取值保守的弱点，建立了快速均值迁移方法，证明了该方法的收敛性、有效性以及收敛速度优于均值迁移方法；进行了平面和3维随机分布数据集的最大概率密度搜索对比试验，试验结果表明，快速均值迁移方法大大减少了迭代次数；建立了基于快速均值迁移的目标跟踪方法，利用俄亥俄州立大学提供的乒乓球序列图像和卡斯鲁厄大学的汽车序列图像，对人脸和汽车目标跟踪性能分别进行了对比试验，并进行了高噪声人脸图像目标跟踪试验，结果表明，基于快速均值迁移的目标跟踪方法有效提高了目标跟踪性能，具有很强的抗干扰能力；建立了一种新型彩色目标自动识别方法，采用特征色彩分布函数实现了对任意图像区域特征色彩矢量的快速计算，建立了高效的搜索方法，实现了彩色目标的快速识别；将基于快速均值迁移方法的目标跟踪方法、基于特征色彩的目标识别方法与卡尔曼滤波、PID控制、串行通讯等技术结合，建立了带有控制系统的快速目标自动识别与跟踪系统，并在不同场景下进行了目标自动识别与跟踪试验，验证了快速目标自动识别与跟踪系统的有效性和抗干扰能力。

Based on the principle of optimality,the search problem is then transformed to an equivalent problem of deterministic distributed parameters system,represented by a second order PDE.

采用分析的方法来研究随机运动目标的最优搜索问题，并将原问题转化为由一个二阶偏微分方程所表示的确定性分布参数系统的等价问题，推导出随机运动目标的最优搜索问题的HJB方程，并证明了该方程的解即是所寻求的最优搜索策略。

We make the reasonable hypothesis and predigestion to the torpedo search process and can establish his search model.

对鱼雷的搜索过程进行合理的假设简化，建立其搜索模型，并对发现潜艇这个随机事件作统计试验。

Firstly, the authors create various initial colonies and introduce quinary coding strategy to improve searching speed. Then, they adopt random selection mechanism without reimbursement to prevent premature convergence. Twopoint crossover and multipoint mutation are adopted to extend searching range of model space and to keep individual diversity.

首先，产生多样化的初始群体，引入五进制的编码策略提高搜索速度，然后采用无退还随机选择机制防止收敛早熟，采取两点交叉及多点变异方案以扩大模型空间的搜索范围和保持个体的多样性。

For second algorithm SatTest2, searching and sampling are in the whole space of assignments. Hence it can find the satisfiable solution. Even no satisfiable solutions can be found, it is still to test the satisfiability of SAT problem with high probability. This is an important improvement of the conventional randomized algorithms.

第二个算法SatTest2则是在整个赋值空间中进行搜索和抽样，因此可以搜索到可满足解，即使搜索不到可满足解时，也能以高概率做出正确的判断，这是对传统随机算法的重要改进。

In the beginning,some points are randomly distributed over the grabbling domain,and every point of them is regarded as a "fisher".Then every "fisher" of them is used to search "himself" optimum points or global optimum solution through "his" moving search,reducing search and speeding search independently.

设初始时在搜索域中随机分布有若干个点，每个点看作一个&渔夫&，每个&渔夫&通过移动、收缩和加速三种搜索方式在搜索空间中独立开展寻优活动，以搜寻全局的最优解或最优点。

Specially, we use multi-point crossover to obtain schemata evolution equation instead of one-point crossover.

引 言进化算法是借用生物进化的思想，在现代遗传学的启发下，发展起来的一种启发式的随机搜索优化方法。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。