随机函数

A standard expected value model for multi-objective multi-stage transmission planning is presented to realize the transmission optimal planning with the control of line overloading risks. In this model, a constraint of overloading risks is built with expected value and standard deviation of random line active power and two objectives are given as expected value of the average power loss and discount value of the investment cost. By modeling uncertain informations with probability theory, the probabilistic DC power flow is adopted for the correlated calculations among random variables in the planning model.4 A novel multi-objective transmission planning approach that considers transmission investment profit is proposed. Requests for transmission investment profit and social welfare are involved in the proposed planning approach.

以方案总投资费用贴现值和平均网损期望值为目标函数，建立多目标多阶段输电网规划的期望值模型，以线路有功潮流过负荷随机变量的期望值和标准差构建过负荷风险约束，考虑了风险发生概率和严重程度两方面的特征，通过对不确定性信息的概率建模，利用概率直流潮流进行各随机变量的相关计算，实现了控制过负荷风险条件下的输电网优化规划。4提出考虑输电投资收益的多目标输电网规划方法，综合考虑市场参与者对输电投资收益和社会总福利的要求加热管及其对输电网规划的影响。

In the special case of GLM—normal linear model with classical link function,we compare our methods with existing ones and our methods perform more excellently.Finally,sequential detection of structural changes is studied in nonparametric regression models o Based on Nadaraya-Watson estimator of regression function,we calculate the residual series and construct "residual cumulative sum process" with weight values of kernel estimator of "long-run average density function".

在随机模拟一节中，给出了布朗桥的h-增量过程的"Max-Max"泛函统计量的经验分位数表，并在随机模拟中验证了文中所提"部分和"与"滑动和"方法的有效性，同时在广义线性模型取"典则连接函数"时的特例—正态线性模型场合，与已有方法进行了对比，结果显示文中所提方法表现更优。

The fourth chapter in this paper introduces the modeling ideas of stochasticvolatility into panel data model and puts forward panel data stochastic volatilitymodel. The Kalman Filtering can be employed to filter out the quasi-likelihoodfunction of the model and quasi-maximum likelihood estimation is used as achief means of estimating the parameter of the model.

第四章则将随机波动建模思想引入平行数据模型，提出平行数据随机波动模型，运用卡尔漫滤波方法得到模型的伪似然函数，进而采用极大似然估计方法求解模型参数。

This paper discusses the strong laws of large numbers for random variable functions, and proves a strong law of large numbers for random variable functions by the analytical method.

文章主要讨论了任意随机变量序列泛函的强大数定律，并采用分析的方法证明了任意随机变量序列泛函的强大数定律，作为推论，得到了有关非齐次马尔可夫链函数的一个强大数定律。

An example of these maximal monotone operators is the subdifferential of a closed convex function.

这种多值极大单调算子的一个特殊例子是闭凸函数的下微分算子，所以本文考虑的多值随机微分方程包含了在凸区域内具有反射边界的随机微分方程。

This paper first Studies the relation between coefficients and the growth of Dirichlit se-ries of zero order in the whole plane,and further proves that the growth of random entire functions defined by random Dirichlet series of zero order in every horizotal straight lines is almost surely equal tothe growth of entire functions defined by its corresponding Dirichlet series.

首先研究了全平面上零级狄里克莱级数的系数和增长性之间的关系，然后证明了对于本级随机狄里克莱级数所确定的随机整函数，在每条水平直线上的增长性几乎必然

The experiment results on 13 well-known benchmark problems show that the proposed algorithm is capable of improving the search performance significantly in convergent speed and precision with respect to four techniques representative of the state-of-the-art in constrained optimization such as evolutionary algorithm based on homomorphous maps, artificial immune response constrained evolutionary strategy, constraint handling differential evolution, and evolutionary strategies based on stochastic ranking.

对13个标准测试问题的测试结果表明：与动态惩罚函数的进化算法、人工免疫响应约束进化策略、可行性规则的差分进化算法以及采用随机排序的进化策略相比，新算法在收敛速度和求解精度上均具有一定的优势。关键词：人工智能；差分进化算法；约束优化；随机排序

In order to learn the effect of the random perturbation on imaging quality of the camera during the motion,the process of the dynamic imaging of the camera is analyzed,and the modulation transfer function of the camera is obtained.Then,the influence of the random perturbation,which submits to normal distribution or changes sinusoidally,is studied respectively.

为了描述航天相机运动过程中随机扰动对成像质量的影响，通过分析相机动态成像过程，得到了存在扰动时相机的调制传递函数，并分别讨论了服从高斯分布和具有正弦规律变化的随机扰动对像质的影响。

In this paper the rocket of 122mm, 20km is exampled, CADET is used in random ballistics system with the action of random wind by use of sharping filter when the differential equations of sharping filter and angle motion equations of ballistics are allied.

以某火箭弹为例，在随机风场作用下，利用纵风作用下的随机弹道系统成形滤波器，把成形滤波器的微分方程和外弹道角运动方程联立，对此系统采用协方差分析描述函数法，对火箭弹的散布进行了计算。

Optical transfer function, a tool for evaluating dynamic resolution of airborne optoelectronic systems , is proposed in this paper, by which the effect of linear movement and random vibration of a carrier on image shift is analyzed , providing theoretical basis for calculating the tolerable limit of image shift caused both by line movement and random vibration .

本文首先提出采用光学传递函数作为评价机载光电系统的动态分辨率工具，并利用它具体分析载体的线性运动和随机振动对像移的影响，从而为计算线性运动和随机振动产生像移的容限提供理论依据。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。