限制主义的

The absolutist principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a specific crime was established by the criminal classical school, with Beccaria as its representative, by applying the strictness rules.

以贝卡利亚为代表的刑事古典学派采用严格规则主义，确定了绝对罪刑法定主义原则，即以立法权限制司法权，法官没有任何权力创制、解释和修改法律，也没有任何的自由裁量权。

In the early centuries of our era, however, there gradually developed a mysticism among chemical writers due to Egyptian and Chaldean religious magical ideas, and there developed a fanciful relation of the metals as such to the sun and the planets, and as a consequence there arose the belief that it was necessary to confine the number of metals to seven.

然而在我们时代早期的几世纪里，由于埃及人和占星术宗教人士神秘的想法，在化学作家之间逐渐产生了神秘主义，而产生金属的想象的联系，例如向着太阳和行星，而结果就引发了信仰，认为限制金属的数量为七是必要的。

He argues that East-West comparative studies will make significant contributions to scholarship by going beyond traditional Eurocentric concerns and by expanding our horizon to a truly global dimension.

他认为，只要超越传统的欧洲中心主义的限制，将视野扩展到真正的全球性的范围，那么东西方比较研究势必会结出丰硕的学术成果。

What had excited him, and what endures in his sculptures, is the Minimalist concept that an object has a language of its own, unconstrained by the history of the maker or the viewer's interpretation.

激励他并在他的雕塑作品中持久存在的是极简主义的概念，即：物品有它自己的语言，不会受到创作者历史或观众解释的限制。

In order to eliminate many factors which leads to the prejudice of judges,in criminal procedural system in China,it is necessary to carry out exclusiveness of the bill of prosecution,establish the system of separating pretrial judges and hearing judges,regulate the challenge system and the making of indictment,postpone the time to investigate the self-confession of the defendant.establish the rule of admissibility of evidence,and restrain judge from investigating out of court.

为消除我国刑事诉讼制度中存在诸多导致法官预断的因素，需要实行起诉一本主义，建立庭前准备法官与审理案件的法官分离制度，规范法官的回避制度和起诉书的制作，将被告人自白的证据调查顺序后移，建立证据能力规则，并限制法官的庭外调查。

Moreover,this goal can only be indirectly implicated in the early education.We cannot absolutize or solize anyone's vocation while we should cause its implication in all educations in different stages.

而我国经济的进一步发展也孺要打破当前普通学校桩育培养人才的片面化和狭隘主义的瓶颐限制而大力发展中、高等职业教育，这不仅会给我国人民提供更多更公平的受教育机会，而且对提高我国人民的总体素质和知识文化水平有粉不可估t的作用。

Based on abstract method, jurisprudentially discussion, case study, and statistical research, the Article contends that the development and increase of equity proportion of institutional investors has substantially altered the presumption of the shareholder's status in traditional company law.

论文在运用抽象概括、法理探讨、案例分析和统计分析等研究方法的基础上，以机构投资者的发展和股东积极主义的兴起、机构投资者行使股东权利的方式及其行动内容、机构投资者行使股东权利的法律限制与法律风险、机构投资者行使股东权利的受托机制及其自身的治理问题、机构投资者在我国上市公司治理中的地位、作用及其前景为各章内容，对机构投资者在上市公司治理中的地位及其股东权利的行使这一主题展开论述。

Constructivists are the holist, they insist on both units'action and identity and interest originate in systemic structure.

建构主义坚持方法论整体主义，认为单位不仅在行为上受体系限制，而且是内生于结构的，其身份由体系结构赋予的。

With the help of the theoretical resources of the theory of "consumer society" and the distinction between "the true needs"/"false needs", this paper tries to show that Marx's discussion of the civilizing tendencies of the capital and the limits latent within them inspires us to see that the civilizing tendencies revitalized in the form of consumer society are perhaps actually new forms of "barbarizing tendencies" of the capital, and only through combining itself with socialism can market economy overcome the tendency of its self-destruction.

二十世纪前期以来，消费主义文化，连同确定公民最低消费水平和增加政府公共开支的福利国家，参与有关工资的集体谈判或集体博弈的行业工会，帮助人们用明天甚至后天的钱来兑现当下的消费欲望的信用手段等等新制度新工具，被资本用来相当成功地克服其曾经被认为无法克服的生产过剩这个内在限制。但如果我们考虑到&需要&有真假之分这个问题的话，马克思关于资本&文明化趋势&及其内在限制的论述则提示我们，以消费社会形式重新获得活力的资本的&文明化&趋势，有可能隐藏着一种新形式的&野蛮化&趋势；市场经济或许只有与社会主义相结合，才不至于最终走向自我毁灭。关键词：资本，文明化趋势，限制，消费社会

Traditional views of international law maintain the essentially bilateralist view set forth in the late Eighteenth Century by de Vattel's Le Droit des Gens ou Principes de la Loi Naturelle: states, as sovereigns, are bound and limited in their actions only by those rules to which they themselves have agreed to be bound and limited (explicitly in the case of treaties, explicitly or implicitly with regard to customary law).

国际法的传统观点仍停留在十八世纪末瓦特尔在 Le Droit des Gens ou Principes de la Loi Naturelle 中所提出的本质上为双边主义的观点，即主权国家的行动只会受那些它们已然同意的规则的束缚与限制（明确的形式是条约，至于习惯法则有明确或不明确之分）。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷