降雨

Besides, when the experimental soil was clay soil of Yangling, the appearance and developing process of rill erosion happened respectively 12-15min and 4-8min earlier than of silt soil of Shaanbei.Accumulated sheet and rill erosion amounts increased with the rainfalls time, and the latter increased quickly than the earlier. The total accumulated rill erosion amounts were 2.5 and 5.5 times more than accumulated sheet erosion amounts.

黄绵土坡面发生细沟侵蚀的时间早于粘黄土坡面12-15min；坡面细沟侵蚀达到稳定的时间粘黄土坡面也比黄绵土坡面滞后约4-8min；累积面蚀量和细沟累积侵蚀量均随降雨时间的延续而增加，且后者增加幅度明显大于前者；降雨结束时，坡面细沟累积侵蚀量约为累积面蚀量的2.5～5.5倍，约占坡面总侵蚀量的80％以上。

Effect of using spatially and temporally varied rainfall data on hydrologic simulation was analyzed in this study.

文中对雨量计测得的降雨和雷达测雨产生的降雨时间和空间分布对洪水模拟的影响进行了深入地探讨。

The effect of Zea mays and Bromus riparius on soil and water loss were studied,the experiment was conducted to plant crop and grass in runoff-plots on the 15 degree slope naturally,the bare slop is CK,then the runoff and soil erosion amount and the biological characteristics of corn and meadow bromes termly were measured,and difference of soil and water loss prevention effect on the slop land were determined.The results showed that soil and water loss became less after both corn and meadow brome planting.And the leaf area and the coverage of meadow brome higher than corn,which was benefit for less soil and water loss at the rain season early.Meanwhile,roots of corn and meadow brome mainly distributed in 0-10 cm soil layer,and the root biomass of meadow brome was 2.88 times than that of corn.

试验在自然降雨条件下，在15°坡地设置作物与牧草径流试验小区，以裸地为对照，在每次降雨之后用全深剖面采样器取样，测量其径流量和土壤侵蚀量，定期测定玉米和草地雀麦的生物学特性，研究玉米与草地雀麦生物学特性变化及其坡地水土流失防治效果的差异，探索植物种植对坡地水土流失的主要影响因素，结果表明：种植玉米与草地雀麦，对坡地水土流失均有一定防治作用，但是，与玉米相比，草地雀麦的叶面积指数和覆盖度可在雨季前达到较高水平，有利于早期坡地水土流失防治。

The correlation between the displacement of colluvial landslides and the rainfall has been studied systemtically in term of the theory of the Grey System and the statistics, finding the displacements of the slope are very closely interrelated with the rainfall, and the circles of the displacements are also coincided with the circle of the rainfall.

运用灰色系统理论和数理统计基本原理，对堆积层滑坡位移与降雨的加卸载作用关系进行了系统研究，发现滑坡位移与降雨的加卸载具有密切的关联性，且位移变化周期与加卸载周期相吻合。

Rainfalls can " deposit " the co2 in air , making it to take part in the process of karst , to dissolve and corrade carbonate rock . co2 concentration in soil become lower after heavy rainfall and become higher after general rainfall .( 8 ) the value of chemical characteristic of soil water in the high elevation area is lower than that in the low elevation area

降雨可以对coz产生影响，&沉淀&大气中的co ：，使其参与到岩溶作用中，溶蚀碳酸盐岩；降雨对土壤空气中coz的影响与雨强、雨量有关，降雨量、雨强较大时，土壤空气中的c02产生受到抑制，降雨量和雨强较小时，土壤空气中的coz浓度升高。

Based on the investigation and analysis of the Cupressus funebris seed orchard at Laoshan Island in the Qiandao Lake, Zhejiang province, the ecological characteristics of the male cone, female cone and pollen have been studied.

本文以浙江省千岛湖姥山林场柏木种子园为对象，对柏木球花及花粉的生态学特性进行了研究结果表明，柏木的雌雄球花在树冠中呈成层分布；降雨时，雄球花对花粉具有保护功能；柏木花粉体积小，重量轻，花粉量大，花粉的散发受气温、风力、相对湿度和气压的综合影响，其中气温是主导因子，风左右着花粉的传播，降雨加速花粉的沉降。

Starting with the elevation of underground water resources and a safe level of mining through variable system theory, this paper analyzes the conditions of underground water resources based on the well-studied determination method of determining the two hydrographical coefficients: rainfall infiltration replenishment rate and irrigation replenishment rate. Then considering irrigation, rainfall, drainage and other related factors, a mathematical model is set up for the calculation of underground water storage,exploitation on water regulation. After analyzing the adaptability of molepipe drainage, an underground water table regulation is given out.

论文从灌区的地下水资源及其可开采量评价分析方面入手，在对两个主要的水文地质参数即降雨入渗补给系数、灌溉入渗补给系数确定方法研究的基础上，对灌区的地下水资源状况进行分析，依据灌区的灌溉、降雨、排水条件及各种现状因素，建立了地下水资源量计算的数学模型，西安理工大学工程硕士专业学位论文计算得到青铜峡灌区地下水的最大补给量和可开采量；另外对在开发利用地下水资源过程中的地下水位的调控进行了初步的探讨，在银北灌区开展对暗管排水调控地下水位的试验研究。

Mesoscale model MM5 isused to examine the orographic effect to the precipitation caused by a MesoscaleConvective System over Taiwan. A seriesof sensitive simulations are carried out toinvestigate the sensitivity of model resolution and orographic accuracy to precipitation.

Keywords：orographic effect； MCS； precipitation 台湾地形对1998年6月7-8日中标准对流系统降雨的影响朱晓金张庆红摘要：利用中标准模式MM5研究了台湾地形对中标准对流系统所引起的降雨的影响。

Debris-flow initiation criteria commonly depend on the hydrological and physiographical conditions of the watersheds of debris-flow-prone streams. The occurrence of debris flow in Taiwan is closely related with the rainfall condition. For a specified watershed, the key factor for debris flow occurrence is the rain condition.

过去农业委员会水土保持局委托办理「以降雨因子进行土石流警戒基准值订定」之五年期计画中，主要著重於研究土石流发生降雨机制模式的建立，并於实际应用中证明其可行性。

The species structure and importance value dynamics of annual plants in herbage synusia during a growth period have been observed, and the ecological mechanisms of these changes have been analyzed also.

通过跟踪观测一年生植物层片在一个生长周期内种类组成及其重要值的变化，并分析变化的生态学机理，得出如下结论：①在固沙区草本层片内，小画眉草的多度、盖度和重要值在群落中所占比例较大，是群落优势种；②在充足的降雨后，一年生植物都突发性萌发，但随着降雨的减少，层片内的一年生植物种群都呈衰退之势，其中小画眉草和虎尾草种群急剧减少，狗尾草、雾冰藜和虫实种群减少幅度不大。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。