降雨

Chapter 3 and 4 researches soil depuratingfunction and rule to rainwater by soil columniation penetrating examination on the basis of the two former chapters.

确定了雨水中主要污染物的种类及其浓度变化范围，以及汇水面性质、气温、降雨强度、降雨量和降雨时间间隔等因素对雨水径流水质的影响。

The main conclusions are as follows:The saturated-unsaturated seepage theory under rainfall condition and the governing equation of unsaturated seepage are introduced.

研究的主要内容有： 1 介绍了降雨条件下的饱和—非饱和渗流基本理论，介绍了非饱和渗流的控制方程，给出了降雨条件下的边界条件。

When evaporation was in process, due to low initial water content, most infiltrated water from small intensity and amount of rainfall would be consumed by intensive evapotranspiration during rainy season, and lateral downslope unsaturated flow seldom took place. However, soil water would move downslope by gravitational and matric potential gradients after continuous rainfall.

3在防止蒸发条件下，再分布过程中，土壤水分在重力的作用下有沿坡向下运移的趋势；在蒸发条件下，由于初始含水量一般较低，雨季量小且分散的降雨极易为强烈的蒸发蒸腾所消耗，侧向沿坡向下流难以发生，但在持续的降雨条件下，土壤水分在重力势和基质势梯度的作用下易沿坡向下运移。

The sediment yield rate of forage grass slope decreases with the duration of rainfall following a relationship of exponential law.

裸地坡面的输沙率随降雨历时呈高-低-高变化，而草地坡面的输沙率则随降雨历时呈幂函数递减。

The erosion of even-distributed type rainfall results in waveform hydrograph of sediment flow with low concentration and increases with the area of watershed.

均匀型降雨侵蚀下，径流含沙量时间曲线表现为低含沙量的波浪起伏形，并且，随流域面积的增加，次降雨平均含沙量增加

Construct the 90% cumulative probability hyetograph product of typhoon into the "Typhoon Rainfall Decision Support System".

「台风降雨决策支援系统」新增气候法90%累积机率降雨推估产品。

The solution to the one dimensional hyperbolic runoff equations and sediment equation are obtained respectively by using the characteristics method and finite difference method.

利用水力学原理建立了坡面降雨径流和土壤侵蚀模型，分别采用特征线法和有限差分法对径流量和土壤侵蚀量进行了求解，并针对具体降雨事件进行了模拟计算，计算结果与试验小区实测值基本一致。

We found 110 Kentish Plover nests in 8 sites, total area 22.74 ha, in Shengshi, Changhua during mid-April to mid-May. The hatching success of 89.09% was high compared to other studies. Thirty-six experimental artificial nests were set for a two weeks period in May to examine the effects of predators and rainfall. Among the 12 unsuccessful nests, 6 were flooded, 4 were abandoned, and 2 were predated. Successful nests and unsuccessful nests showed no difference in distance to nearest road and distance to nearest vegetation line.

调查从四月中旬至五月中旬於样区共追踪110巢东方环颈鴴的孵化情形，并於五月份设置36个人工试验巢进行两星期的追踪以了解捕食和降雨对孵化成功率的影响程度。110巢东方环颈中有98巢成功孵化，孵化成功率高达89.09%，以Mayfield Method 估算之孵化成功率亦高达83.53%，未孵化的12巢中，有6巢是因降雨淹水而失败，4巢是亲鸟弃巢，2巢被捕食。

It couples the general limit equilibrium method and hydrological distribution model based on DEM, and can be used as a effective approach to predict the occurrence of landslide under different precipitation conditions as well as landslide mechanics research.

它将工程中广泛采用的滑坡极限平衡分析模型与基于DEM的水文分布模型有效地集成起来，旨在解决作为滑坡重要影响因素的降雨条件对滑坡发生、分布的影响机理及滑坡在不同降雨条件下的变形失稳定量预测的问题。

A field experiment was conducted on loess farmland in Northwest China to test different conservative tillage systems, and to compare them with conventional moldboard plough practice in terms of their effects on runoff and soil erosion.

在黄土坡地建立天然降雨径流小区，采用翻斗式自动测试系统同步动态地监测降雨—径流的过程，试验研究了保护性耕作农田水土保持的效果和耕作、覆盖及压实 3种因素对农田水土流失的影响。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。