降水分布

The soil had the alkalize characteristic, and the decisive factors were terrain, texture and precipitation, so before the haloxylon ammodendron settled down, the soil had the alkalize characteristic, and the haloxylon ammodendron was alkali-resistant plant, but if the total alkalinity excessively high, the haloxylon ammodendron also grew difficulty.

土壤具有碱化特征，主要是由地形、质地、降水等结构性因素决定的，由此得出荒漠植被梭梭定居之前土壤就具有了碱化特征，梭梭是耐碱性荒漠植被，但总碱度过高的区域梭梭也难以生长，因此土壤酸碱度仍然是该区域影响梭梭生长和分布的重要因子。

The comparative study on vegetation background survey of the stationsand the comparison on level of phytocoenology on zonal habitats indicates thatthe diminishment of the numbers of families,genus and species,compositionof life types,diversity of communities and habitats,;and the increscence in theproportion of photosynthesis functional groups of C3/C4 plant,richness ofspecies,density of tussock and tiller,diversity of species,evenness,leaf areaindex,leaf area duration,dry matter production of communities alongside thelatitude increasing and the temperature decreasing;and the dynamic curve ofthe community productivity also tend to steadily increase along with thetemperature going up and the heat accumulation gradually in moderate-temperate steppe station from violent fluctuation along with seasonal badly-distribution of precipitation in warm-temperature steppe station;manifestingthat transformable tendency of productivity pattern of the community from morevigorous net assimilation,sparser and higher crops stricture of tussock and tiller,and possession on more resources by less species inclined to thicker in densityof crops,superior effectiveness of multi-leaves and pattern of multi-speciesresource sharing,reflecting that bigger disparity of the vegetationcharacteristics and the style of the community growth in the two differentthermal-type steppe stations owing to background of natural-historicenvironment and combination of water and heat.

内蒙古草原区两个不同热量型研究站点植被本底调查和显域地境群落学水平的比较研究表明：随纬度增加和气温降低，植物科、属、种的数目，生活型组成，群落类型和生境类型的多样性均趋于减少，而C3/C4光合功能群比值和群落的物种丰富度，株丛密度，物种多样性，群落均匀度，叶面积指数，叶面积持续时间和群落干物质生产能力均趋于增加，群落生产力动态曲线从随天然降水的季节分布不均而剧烈波动趋向于随气温逐渐升高和热量逐步积累而稳定增长，显示出两站点植物群落从较为旺盛的群体净同化作用、较为稀疏高大的群体结构和少数物种占有较多群落资源的生产力格局向较高的群体密度、优良的多叶性能和多物种资源共享的群落生产力格局转变，反映出在内蒙古草原区不同的自然历史环境背景和不同的温度条件及其水热组合状况影响下，两个不同热量型草原站点植被性质的分异特征和显域地境群落生长模式的较大差别。

It is shown that GPS/PWV data with an time interval of 30 minutes reflected spatial and temporal changes of atmospheric vapor intuitionally and duly, the features of GPS/PWV changes had corresponding relations with the precipitation, the divergence of GPS/PWV showed the distributions of the convergence and divergence of atmospheric vapor.

分析还表明：每30min一次的GPS/Pwv资料能直观地、及时地反映大气中水汽的时间变化和空间变化；GPS/Pwv资料随时间的演变特征与降水有较好的对应关系；GPS/Pwv的散度资料可以反映大气中水汽的辐合、辐散分布情况。

African mainland, fluvial freely, laky and numerous, precipitation is rich, but water natural resources distributings serious not all.

非洲大陆，河流纵横，湖泊众多，降水丰富，但水资源分布严重不均。

By using of NCAR/NCEP reanalysis daily average data from 1950 to 2002 and daily rainfall of 355 stations in east China from 1957 to 2000 , whole layer vapor transportation fluxes of all globe are calculated , climatic characters of East-Asia pentadactyl vapor transportation in summer are analysed , differences of pentadactyl vapor transportation in strong vapor transportation years and short ones , and relations of vapor transportation in East-Asia and rainfall in east China.

使用1950～2002年NCAR/NCEP再分析逐日平均资料和1957～2000年我国东部355个站点的逐日降水量资料，计算了全球整层水汽输送通量，分析了东亚地区大尺度候平均水汽输送时空分布的气候特征和年际、年代际变化特征，研究了水汽输送强、弱年候平均水汽输送的差异，讨论了东亚地区各候水汽输送与我国东部降水的关系。

From the analysis's quantitative indices of infrared wavelength split window TBB about typhonic rainfall were found.

TBB 与降水量的对应关系、TBB与各量级降水量的累积频率分布等进行处理与分析，得出台风降水的红外分裂窗TBB定量估计指标。

Through the long-term integration using the vegetation-atmosphere two-way coupling regional climate model, we found that the RIEMS coupled with the AVIM can simulate well the distribution of temperature in China, but the magnitude has some discrepancy.

RIEMS-AVIM能够较好地模拟中国降水东南多、西北少的分布型，但对雨带强度和位置有一定的偏差。

Wind profilers are used for detecting the wind distribution of the atmosphere.

风廓线仪用于探测大气三维风的分布，当有降水出现时，受雨滴下降末速度的影响，不能直接得到大气的真实风在垂直方向上随时间的演变。

Using the precipitation of the Indian summer monsoon onset process by the method of EOF expansion, the following conclusions can be found. The onset of the monsoon is mainly seen as the augmentation of precipitation and the rapid advance of monsoon rain belt with sudden change in the distribution of its space and time.

用南亚夏季风爆发前后的降水量资料作了经验正交函数分解，分析表明，南亚夏季风的爆发主要体现在降水的突然增加和季风雨带的快速推进上，雨带的时空分布有突变的特点。

During the four years study on the project, we develop a dynamical forecast model that describing the subtropical ridge surface. A new theory on the role of the land-sea thermal difference on the formation of the Subtropical High is advanced. It is concluded that in the summer subtropics over each continent and its adjacent ocean LO, SE, CO, and a double-dominant heating from west to east compose a LOSECOD heating quadruplet. The influence of the Eurasia continent on SH varies according to the seasonal variation. From the ideal numerical simulation it is shown the important role of the Eaiuan continent and the huge topography on the mechanism of formation and mantanence of the SH during the summer. It is verified by the numerical simulation that the extension of the subtropical continent into the tropics greatly enhances the " East Asian monsoon". Through the Rossby energy dissipation theory it is verified that the deep latent convective heating induces the onset of the South China Sea monsoon over the Bay of Bengal. The relationship and mechanism between the precipitaiton over the East Asia and the Subtropicla high is illustrated by the data. It is also found the close phase lock between the east-west shift of the SH and the disturbence of the east wind belt over the tropical troposphere. The interaction between the structure and activity feature of the SH and the Meiyu over the Yangtze-Huaihe river valley is revealed from the data. The numerical simulation verified the impact of the different SH pattern on the path of the typhoon.

本项目的研究发展了描述副热带高压脊面变化的动力模型，提出了夏季副热带地区四叶型非绝热加热分布型及相应环流拼图的创新理论；明确了大陆尺度的海陆热力差异在副热带高压形成中的作用；指出欧亚地形对副热带高压和气候的影响随季节变化而变化，通过数值试验证明春季青藏高原的感热加热对亚洲夏季风的爆发地点起了&锚定&的作用，进一步证实了副热带高压断裂和亚洲夏季风的最早爆发地点发生在孟加拉湾东岸；利用Rossby波能量频散理论证明了孟加拉湾深对流潜热释放诱导南海季风爆发的机制；揭示了东亚季风降水的季节内变化与西太副高的关系及机理；揭示了西太副高与东西风带中扰动之间的相互作用过程，指出西太副高的东西活动与热带对流层上空东风带扰动和中纬度西风带扰动的移动和锁相密切相关；研究了夏季淮河流域梅雨期间副高结构和活动特征及其与江淮暴雨的相互作用；验证了不同副热带高压形态对台风路径的不同影响；通过数值试验证明了欧亚大陆和青藏高原等大地形对副热带高压形成和维持的重要作用。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。