降水分布

The climate characteristics of TCP were analyzed with variance analysis,trend coefficient and linear regression technique,followed by comparison with those of annal total rainfall in East China.Results show that the spatial distribution of TC rainfall is not uniform in East China with the...

结果表明：华东地区登陆台风降水量空间分布不均匀，福建东南沿海地区最大，具有向西北方向递减的趋势，这种趋势与地形等因素有关；TCP的年际变化明显，9 a和15 a周期显著；TCP年代际变化表现为20世纪50年代最多，70年代前开始减少，比华北地区台风降水减少出现的时间提早10 a；TCP与总降水两者的时间演变特点差异较大。

Both the departure field of the mean atmospheric circula tion in summer in flood years and the correlation field between the summer mean atmospheric circulation in East Asia and the number of summer equivalent torre ntial rain days in the Beijing area possess the main characteristics of the mean circulation pattern for the torrential rain process in North China.

吴广仁等[2 ]根据降水距平场相似程度，给出了我国东部雨带的 4种分布型，并指出西太平洋副高位置对雨带分型有决定性作用，北京夏季降水正常或偏多时，是属于其中的黄淮东型和黄河河套型。

Since Doppler weather radar can detect the radar echo reflectivity factor and the radial velocity of precipitation at the same time, it has considerably deepened our understanding of the physical mechanism of precipitation and the rainstorm dynamics, and can largely improve the warning and nowcasting capacity of rainstorms, hails, squall line and tornadoes with its wide use.

多普勒天气雷达能够同时测量降水的雨强分布和目标的运动速度，使得人们在降水物理和风暴动力学方面的认识有很大提高，它的广泛使用会大大改善暴雨、冰雹、雷雨大风和龙卷等灾害性天气的警戒和短时预报能力。

It is presented that indirect assimilation experiment of CMW data from TCFM method improves effectively not only on vertical velocity field but for precipitation.4 Based on theory analysis, E-Ir relationship is brought forward with two electrification mechanisms. One is inductive mechanism, i.e., cloud particles collide with precipitation particles then flick away, the other is noninductive mechanism because of different temperature, i.e., bigger supercooled cloud particles collide and freeze with hail particles combined with ice scraps. By means of CINRAD and FY2C data assimilation, precipitation intensity Ir can be obtained, then electric field intensity E, discharge time and locations can be achieved with supposed threshold 300KV/m. Though it can not distinguish between IC (Intra-Cloud) lightning and CG (Cloud-to-Ground) lightning, results are still comparable to LLS observations.5 Example analysis shows that the relationship between precipitation data from AMS and CG data from LLS is not very clear.

同化实验对于台风眼区的螺旋形雨带贡献显著，说明TCFM云导风资料同化实验不仅有效调整了模式的垂直速度场，还对降水模拟有了明显改善。4通过理论分析，利用云粒子与极化降水粒子碰撞并弹离的感应起电机制和较大过冷云滴与雹粒碰冻并产生冰屑的温差起电机制下得到的E-Ir，由雷达、卫星遥感资料直接和间接同化模拟得到Ir，来反推E，了解雷暴云中闪电强度的平面分布，设置放电阈值为300KV/m，推算出放电的位置和首次发生闪电的时间。

It is believed that by controlling the space-time distribution of precipitation, along riverhead, that may cause disaster, we can control flood, mitigate disaster and utilize water source reasonably. Using this method, we can not only reduce disaster loss and save manpower, material and financial resources, but also solve the water shortage problems of some regions.

通过从源头上控制引起洪涝灾害的水源―降水的时空分布，达到控制水患灾害和充分合理利用水资源的目的，既可减少灾损，节省用于防洪的大量人力物力财力，又可解决急需降水地区生产生活用水的燃眉之急，其优越性是显然的。

This method improves the computational accuracy, embodies the precipitation changes with topographty and the distributive incontinuity of precipitation, and solves the problem of the precision of the spatial interpolation of precipitation under complicated topographty condition.

该方法提高了计算的准确性，体现了降水随地形的变化以及在空间分布上的不连续性，有效解决了复杂地形条件下降水空间插值精度不高的问题。

Fllowing our results, we can induce that the SIA embodies the precipitation changes adapt to the topographty and the incontinuity of the precipitation distributing. It can also improve the interpolation accuracy largely.

由本文所得结果可见，逐步插值法体现了降水随地形的变化，能表现降水在空间分布上的不连续性，也能在很大程度上提高降水空间计算的准确性。

When the spatial pattern is meridionally anti-symmetric, in the north-warm/south-cold years, an anticyclonic anomaly circulation exists over the warm pool at 850hPa, the easterly near 15°N and the westerly near the equator are greatly strengthened, while the center of the 200 hPa anticyclonic circulation moves to the East Asia, and the Hadley circulation is affected evidently, so the summer rainfall may be above normal in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and vice versa.

当SSTA为南北反对称分布时，北暖南冷年850hPa暖池区上空为一反气旋偏差环流，15°N附近东风气流和赤道附近西风气流增强，200hPa反气旋偏差环流中心移到东亚大陆上空，长江中下游地区为上升气流，降水明显增多，华北地区为下沉气流，降水减少；冷异常年则相反。

These bryophytes, in this sense, have to tolerate great heat and drought.

在干旱和半干旱地区，影响苔藓植物分布的环境因子包括降水、p H值、Ca CO3 含量、植被盖度、有机质含量以及土壤质地等，其中起重要作用的是降水。

Average annual precipitation data of the last 30 years from 1961 to 1990 at 186 meteorological stations in Gansu and its nearby regions was compared and analyzed by Inverse distance weight tension, Spline, Ordinary Kiging methods. The result showed that the three interpolators could reflect the spatial distribution of precipitation of Gansu province. Ordinary Kriging method was the most effective, followed by Spline methods and Inverse distance weight tension method.

利用甘肃及其周边186个气象台站30年平均降水资料，分别采用了反距离加权法(In-verse distance weight tension)、样条函数法和普通克里格法等3种常见的空间内插方法较为系统的分析比较了这3种内插方法插值结果，结果表明：3种方法的结果都基本上反映了甘肃降水大体空间分布规律，而普通克里格法的插值效果最好，样条函数法次之，反距离加权法较差。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。