降水

In vertical structure, the profiles of convective rain and stratiform rain are obviously different while the profiles of their own rain type among the 3 times have little difference.

在垂直结构上，对流性降水与层状云降水的廓线有明显的差别，而两类降水廓线各自在三个时次均差别不大。

Evaluation shows that the method can separate most of the convective and stratiform cloud precipi...

试验表明，ACSS能较准确地实现对流性降水和层状云降水的自动分类，相对于只根据二维结构分类降水性能上有较大提高，主要表现在能正确识别出亮带特征明显的强层状云和对流核外沿的对流弱回波区。

Having recourse to the cloud model, baaed on the large quantitative of FY-2C images, consisting of five wavelength of spectral data, which were acquired during the period 2006 to 2007 over Asia-Pacific area, the main radiance features of different rain types such as rainstorm, light rain.

最后以2006年7月6日FY-2C中国分区图所示地区对应的FY-2C卫星云图进行降水类型分类为实例，得到不同降水天气对应的云图辐射亮度值特征，并利用分类结果对实况云图进行降水天气的判别，结果表明该方法对大暴雨天气的判别效果良好。

In natural vegetation area, where mainly are forest land, the yearly relative humidity and precipitation of spring are the driving forces to the change of NDVI. In brush and shrub area, the change of NDVI is driven by the precipitation and relative humidity of autumn. In grassland and rare tree bush grassland district, the main driving forces are human factors, and the driving mechanism is that farmland and cropping sown area are negative to the change of NDVI, but society factors are positive.

对于以林地为主的自然植被区植被覆盖变化，主要受到春季降水、春季湿度和年均湿度的正驱动，黄淮海地区的北部主要为干旱、半干旱区，因此春季降水偏多会利于植被生长；灌丛和萌生矮林区，秋季降水和秋季湿度对其植被NDVI变化呈负驱动；草原和稀树灌木草原区植被覆盖的变化，耕地面积、作物播种面积对之为负驱动，而其他社会经济因子则为正驱动。

In scientific selection of dewatering plans during the excavation of a deep foundation pit, the muti objective fuzzy decision making method is used, which comprehensively considers various indexes such as technique, economy, construction and operation. The fuzzy decision making model of scientific selection under the condition of complex geologic and boundary conditions is established, and the weights of quantitative and qualitative objectives are analysed, and the scientific decision result from synthesizing four factors is obtained.

针对多种深基坑降水方案的科学选择问题，采用综合考虑技术指标、经济指标、施工指标和运行指标的多目标决策方法，对复杂的地层与边界条件下多基坑降水方案的科学选择建立了模糊决策模型，分析了定量和定性目标各指标间的重要性权重，得到了综合各因素的科学方案决策成果，为工程建设的降水方案优选决策提供了科学依据。

We also calculate annual monsoon Intensity index and Front Location Index by averaging the indices of 18 pentads in summer. The results show that the summer rainfalls in China have tight relation not only to the intensity of Monsoon, but also to the location of Monsoon. When Monsoon is strong and in North, excessive rainfalls in North and few in South; when Monsoon is weak and in North, few in China all over; when Monsoon is strong and in South, excessive in China all over; when Monsoon is weak and in South, excessive in South and few in North.

还计算了夏季18个候平均得到的逐年季风强度和季风位置，结果表明中国夏季降水的形势不仅和季风强度密切相关，还和当年季风的位置有着紧密的联系，季风偏强偏北时，降水北多南少；季风偏弱偏北时，全国少雨；季风偏强偏南时，全国多雨；季风偏弱偏南，降水南多北少。

This article mainly carries on the analysis with new weather radar data characteristic in this rainfall process. With the analysis of the reflection factor, the wind profile and the rainfall estimation, we know that the strong wind vertical change and sufficient water vapor condition have the extremely vital role to the development and the maintenance of the convection storm; The new weather radar has the very good instruction function to the weather forecast, specially at the rainfall estimated and in the catastrophe weather forecast and the short-time forecast.

本文主要对这次降水过程中的新一代天气雷达资料特征进行分析，通过对反射率因子、风廓线和降水估测等主要产品的分析，表明较强的风的垂直切变、充足的水汽条件对对流风暴的发展和维持有非常重要的作用；新一代天气雷达对气象预报工作有很好的指导作用，特别在降水估计、灾害性天气预报和短时临近预报中有非常重要的意义。

It is found that there exist quasi-45 d,quasi-23 d and quasi-14 d low-freque ncy precipitation over the plateau and that the lower of the frequency,the more likely of their propagation from south- and east-side of the plateau to the pl ateau itself,and v.v.

研究表明，准45 d、准23 d和准14 d等3类低频降水的频率愈低，低频降水愈趋向于从高原东侧和南侧向高原传播；反之，频率愈高，低频降水愈趋向于由高原向高原东侧和南侧传播。

Based on the long-term precipitation series from 48 observation stations and the ElNino events and LaNina events having occurred since the 1950s in China, teleconnections between summer precipitation in China and ElNino/LaNina are analyzed.

从我国各地降水资料的实际出发，利用48个测站尽可能长年代的降水资料和20世纪50年代以来的厄尔尼诺事件和反厄尔尼诺事件，分析了厄尔尼诺现象对我国夏季降水的影响。

Based on the results simulated by PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies), which is developed in the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, changes of surface air temperature and precipitation under SRES B2 scenario in South China during 2071~2100 are analyzed. It is shown that, compared to baseline (1961~1990), surface air temperature in 2071~2100 would increase by 2~4℃, precipitation in summer would increase in the north part to 22°N, while the precipitation in winter would decrease in the whole areas of South China. The climate trend of the surface air temperature would be positive, however the climate trend of the precipitation would be negative, the occurrence frequency of extremely high temperature events and extremely heavy precipitation events would increase.

利用英国Hadley气候预测和研究中心的区域气候模式系统PRECIS，模拟分析基于政府间气候变化专门委员会 2000年发布的《排放情景特别报告》中设计的B2情景下华南区域2071~2100年的温度和降水量的可能变化，结果显示：2071~2100年均地面温度相对于气候基准时段（1961~1990年）上升约2~4℃；华南区域未来夏季降水量在22°N以北区域较气候基准时段增加，而以南区域减少；冬季降水则表现为华南区域较气候基准时段减少。2071~2100年华南区域的温度气候趋势系数为正值，年均降水气候趋势系数为负值。2071~2100年的高温事件和强降水事件的发生频率均比气候基准时段明显增加。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。