降水

Comparative study on two levels of population and modules of mutualspecies in the two stations demonstrates that feature index tend to diminish suchas height,tussock amplitude,size,number,density and dry weight;and thegrowth analysis index incline to increase such as RGR、ULA、chlorophyllcontent and effectiveness of plant multi-leaves of the populations and DULA、DUMR、DAGA and DRGRa of the modules;and the dynamic curves of thepopulations and the modules also tend to steadily increase along with thetemperature ascending,heat accumulation and combination between water andheat in moderate-temperature steppe from fierce fluctuation alongside naturalprecipitation in warm-temperature steppe,illustrating that the transformabletendency from increasing the numbers of tussocks and tillers in order to expandthe resource range to seize in warm-temperature steppe to steadily improve drymatter production function of the populations and the modules in moderate-temperature steppe.

两个不同热量型研究站点共有种种群与构件两个水平的比较研究表明：随纬度增加和气温降低，种群与构件高度、丛幅、大小、数量、密度和干重等特征指标趋于降低和减少，而种群RGR、ULA、叶绿素含量和植物多叶性与构件DULA、DUMR、DRGR和DRGRa等生长指标则趋于增加，种群与构件的生长动态曲线也从随天然降水而剧烈波动趋向于随气温升高、热量积累和水热配置状况而稳定增长，说明各共有种从暖温型草原区增加植物种群与构件的大小和数量以扩充资源利用范围向中温型草原稳定地提高种群与构件的干物质生产性能的方面转变的趋势；同时，物质与能量的分配也从较多地投资于繁殖器官产生大量后代以适应未来降水的不可预期变化趋向于同化系统的构建和干物质生产效能的提高以抵御低温和干旱对物种生存的威胁，充分显示出不同温度条件及其水热组合对植物种群形态结构和生长繁育模式的显著影响及其响应特征。

The results show that the RIEMS can simulate the pattem and seasonal cycle of standard deviation of surface temperature and precipitation.

第一部分是检验RIEMS模式对东亚地区十年平均气候状况的模拟能力，结果表明，RIEMS模式能够较好地模拟出不同季节温度(包括平均温度、最高温度、最低温度)的空间分布和季节变化以及不同区域温度的年变化；无论是平均温度，还是最高温度、最低温度，模式模拟季平均和月平均温度与观测之间偏差大约一般在1-2℃，这与IPCC(2001)报告中报告的在区域尺度10〓-10〓KM，季平均温度偏差在1-2℃较为一致；模式能够较好地模拟降水的空间分布特征和季节变化以及不同区域平均降水的年变化，同时，也能够较好地模拟出雨带季节性的演变，但模拟的雨带位置较观测偏北，大约为2-3纬度；就季节而言，模式模拟最好的季节为冬季，较差的季节为夏季；模式基本上能够较好的模拟出不同季节平均海平面气压场的空间分布以及东亚地区的湿润和干旱分布规律的干旱指数的空间分布。

The first part is to assess whether RIEMS has ability to reproduce ten-years averaged mean climate in East Asia.The results demonstrate that RIEMS is capable to reproduce the patterns and seasonal cycle of temperature(mean temperature/maximal temperature/minimal temperature), precipitation, sea level pressure and arid index as well as the rain belt evolution.The simulated seasonal and monthly averaged temperature biases are generally in the range of 1-2℃,which are consistent with IPCC(200 1)report. Although model can reproduce the seasonal cycle and time evolution of precipitation, the simulated rain belt has northwards shift of 2-3 degree.

第一部分是检验RIEMS模式对东亚地区十年平均气候状况的模拟能力，结果表明，RIEMS模式能够较好地模拟出不同季节温度(包括平均温度、最高温度、最低温度)的空间分布和季节变化以及不同区域温度的年变化；无论是平均温度，还是最高温度、最低温度，模式模拟季平均和月平均温度与观测之间偏差大约一般在1-2℃，这与IPCC(2001)报告中报告的在区域尺度10〓-10〓KM，季平均温度偏差在1-2℃较为一致；模式能够较好地模拟降水的空间分布特征和季节变化以及不同区域平均降水的年变化，同时，也能够较好地模拟出雨带季节性的演变，但模拟的雨带位置较观测偏北，大约为2-3纬度；就季节而言，模式模拟最好的季节为冬季，较差的季节为夏季；模式基本上能够较好的模拟出不同季节平均海平面气压场的空间分布以及东亚地区的湿润和干旱分布规律的干旱指数的空间分布。

Rescaled range analysis is applied to verify the presence of long-term dependence of monthly rain acidity series. Two series, which are respectively from North Da-kota( 1980 - 2000), USA, and Changde (1990 - 1999), China, are checked.

利用R/S分析方法分析了分别来源于美国North Dakota(1980～2000年)及我国常德市(1990～1999年)的降水酸度月均值时间序列，证实了降水酸度时间序列中存在长程相关性。

The formation and development of the meso-β scale convective cloud clusters resulting in rainfallwith different intensities over the middle reachers of the Yangtze River are analysed.

本文对发生、发展在长江中游地区两个中-β尺度云团引起不同强度的降水，进行了对比分析，弄清它们之间的异同，进一步探讨了中-β尺度对流云团产生强降水的条件，从而为难以预报小范围的暴雨提供一些物理依据。

Pingchen for the new continental arid north temperate monsoon climate, four seasons, the winter-long, the average annual temperature of 6.0 ℃, frost-free period is 100-115 days,≥ 10 ℃ for the effective temperature of 2300 ℃, annual precipitation is 350-400 mm of precipitation More concentrated in six or seven, in August.

新平镇为大陆性北温带干旱季风气候，四季分明，冬季偏长，常年平均气温为6.0℃，无霜期为100—115天，≥10℃的有效积温为2300℃，年降水为350—400毫米，降水多集中在六、七、八月份。

On the other hand, the inter-annual variability of annual and winter precipitation would enhance, but that of autumn precipitation would weaken.

年降水和冬季降水的年际变率增强，秋季减弱。

Application of tube well water dropping in construction of foundation;2. The dewatering method of well-points of the tube well is adopted.

工程采用了管井井点的降水方法，经过15天的降水，高炉基坑土方开挖后，土体基本干燥，边坡稳定，达到了预期的效果。

Average annual precipitation data of the last 30 years from 1961 to 1990 at 186 meteorological stations in Gansu and its nearby regions was compared and analyzed by Inverse distance weight tension, Spline, Ordinary Kiging methods. The result showed that the three interpolators could reflect the spatial distribution of precipitation of Gansu province. Ordinary Kriging method was the most effective, followed by Spline methods and Inverse distance weight tension method.

利用甘肃及其周边186个气象台站30年平均降水资料，分别采用了反距离加权法(In-verse distance weight tension)、样条函数法和普通克里格法等3种常见的空间内插方法较为系统的分析比较了这3种内插方法插值结果，结果表明：3种方法的结果都基本上反映了甘肃降水大体空间分布规律，而普通克里格法的插值效果最好，样条函数法次之，反距离加权法较差。

Using the relative reflection as weighting factor, the weighted mean of the surface albedo over Dunhuang Gobi in typical arid region is calculated and its values are 0.255 ± 0.021. After canceling the interference of the buildings, the mean values of the roughness length averaged with logarithm is 0.0019 ± 0.00071 m. After removing the influence of the oasis, the soil wetness factor computed with data under condition of no precipitation is 0.0045. After removing the influence of the precipitation .the mean values of the soil heat capacity over Dunhuang Gobi in typical ac-id region is 112 × 10 ~6 m~(-3)K~(-1), a bit smaller than the values observed i n HEIFE. But the soil heat diffusivity and conductivity are about one of those observed in HEIFE. The soil water content over Dunhuang Gobi in typical synoptic condition is very little and does not exceed 1% basically.

并且利用相对反射为权重加权平均，计算得到典型干旱区敦煌荒漠戈壁的平均反射率为0.255±0.021；剔除建筑物干扰后，利用对数平均法计算的粗糙度长度平均值为0，0019±0.00071 m；剔除绿洲影响后，用无降水影响的资料确定出土壤湿度影响因子为0.0045；剔除降水影响后，用观测资料计算的敦煌典型干旱区荒漠戈壁的热容量平均值为1.12×10~6m~（－3）K~（－1），比&黑河试验&在戈壁和在其它沙漠观测的有关值略小一些，但热扩散率和热传导率都比&黑河试验&在戈壁观测的值小一倍左右；观测的敦煌戈壁典型天气条件下的土壤含水量非常小，基本上不超过1％。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。