附睾

Although we have made significant progress in understanding epididymal function and the blood-epididymal barrier, using animal models, there is limited information on the human epididymis.

虽然我们利用动物模型了解了诸多附睾和血-附睾屏障的功能，但是对人的附睾却了解甚少。

RESULTS:6 of 148 cases were found testis tumor of seminoma;2 testis cyst ; 5 testis inflammation ; 5 testis traumaincluding 3 laceration of testis,2 testis hematoma ; 4 testis torsion ;25 epididymal masses (including 19 epididymal cyst,5 epididymal inflammatory nodules and 1 epididymal tuberculosis ;44 cases were hydrocele of tunica vaginalis( including 31 hydrocele of testis tunica vaginalis,13 funicular hydrocele); 26 cases were cryptorchidism ; 31 cases were varicocele.

结果：148例中阴囊、睾丸附睾疾病包括：睾丸肿瘤6例；睾丸囊肿2例；睾丸炎5例；睾丸损伤5例（睾丸裂伤3例、睾丸血肿2例）；睾丸扭转4例；附睾肿块25例（附睾囊肿19例、附睾炎5例、附睾结核1例）；鞘膜积液44例（睾丸鞘膜积液31例、精索鞘膜积液13例）；隐睾26例；精索静脉曲张31例。

The mean thickness of the head was 1.4 cm and those of the body and tail were 0.78 cm or 1.5 cm respectively. The images of 18 patients shew the nodular changes of the tailes. The hibateral epididymitis was in 9 patients and 5 patients with orchitis. 5 patients were complicated with hydrocele, 3 patients with homolateral varicocele. The ultrasonographic diagnosis of 87 patients was consistent with that of clinic.

附睾头部平均厚度1.4 cm，体部0.78 cm，尾部1.5 cm.18例附睾尾部表现结节样改变，9例为双侧附睾炎，5例合并有睾丸炎。8例超声影像显示有合并症，其中5例合并鞘膜积液，3例伴有同侧精索静脉曲张。87例临床治疗后均确诊为急性附睾炎。

Results: 15 patients with chronic epididymitis, 13 with tuberculosis of epididymis, 15 with cyst of epididymis, 14 with spermatic granuloma, and other three patients with spindle cell type rhabdomyosarcoma, adenoid tumor, papilloadenocystoma were reported and good results ...

结果 ：附睾慢性炎症 15例、结核 13例、囊肿 15例、精子性肉芽肿 14例、梭形细胞型横纹肌肉瘤、腺样瘤及乳头状囊腺瘤各 1例，手术效果良好。结论：附睾的恶性肿瘤少见。附睾肿块的诊断以临床表现、体检和病理检查为主，手术仍是有效的治疗方法。

These critical spermatozoal functions are acquired in the epididymis where a specific luminal environment is created by the blood-epididymal barrier; proteins secreted by epididymal principal cells bind to maturing spermatozoa and regulate the maturational process of the spermatozoa.

精子功能在附睾特殊的管腔环境中获得，这一环境是由血-附睾屏障来维护。附睾主细胞分泌的蛋白与精子结合并调控精子的成熟。附睾中细胞-细胞间的相互作用通过粘附连接和紧密连接形成。

The changes in the weight, exponential, structure of the tissue, cell apoptosis in testis and epididymis and the changes in the sperm tectology in epididymis were measured on the day 8, 13, 21 and 35 of the treatment,respectively,by the method of morphological examination.

分别在热应激持续到8d、13d、21d和35d时，应用形态学观察法，研究受试鼠睾丸和附睾重量及指数、组织结构、细胞凋亡和附睾精子形态学的变化；应用免疫荧光细胞化学和蛋白质印迹分析的方法，研究睾丸和附睾组织中热休克蛋白70(HSP70)的表达；应用比色法检测睾丸和附睾组织内活性氧和丙二醛、抗氧化物酶(SOD、GSH-Px、CAT)的活力或浓度的变化；应用交配试验，检测雄鼠受精能力及其致孕雌鼠的产仔数的变化，用以揭示热应激对雄鼠生殖机能的影响。

The observation centred on the constructive changes of teste ,epididymides and spermatic cords. The thicknesses and widths of the head,boby and cauda of epididymides were comparatively measured with opposite side. The sizes,morphosis,echo and the distribution of color flow of the masses were noted and the resistance indexes of the blood flow were determined.

方法对126例附睾结节行CDFI检测，重点观察睾丸、附睾、精索的内部结构，测量附睾头、体和尾的厚度及宽度，描述附睾结节的大小、形态、回声及彩色血流分布状况，并检测其阻力指数。

Methods A series of semen parameters and functions of sperm from different parts of 10 epididymides from normal male were observed and investigated.

将附睾切断分成附睾头、附睾尾和附睾体，分别纵向剖开，置于含有 10 %小牛血清的F10 溶液中，37℃孵育 30min ，孵育液作精子常规分析、低渗肿胀试验、精子-宫颈粘液穿透试验。

Each male ratwas paired with 2 female rats in proestrus when administration terminated. Femalerats were examined the next morning for the presence of sperm in vaginal smears andunderwent a cesarean section on day 13 of gestation. Then the reproductive indiceswere calculated as follows: copulation index, pregnancy index, and fertility index,which can evaluate male fertility directly. The sperm motility and morphology wereevaluated by computer-assisted sperm analysis, moreover, the caudaepididymal sperm ultramicrostructure were analyzed by transmission electronmicroscope, which can evaluate the influence on sperm maturation bydutasteride ; sperm survival rate was assessed by SYBR-14 and propidium iodidefluorescent staining; serumal dihydrotestosterone and testosterone of ratswere detected by enzyme-labeled immunoassay, which can evaluate the effecton androgenic levels; the weights of testes and epididymides, were determined byprecise electronic balance; histological examination of above tissues were evaluatedby HE staining and TEM, which can evaluate treatment on histology of reproductiveorgans by dutasteride.

给药结束后雄鼠与处于动情前期的雌鼠按2：1合笼，计算雌鼠的交配指数、受孕指数和生育指数，直接评价雄鼠生育力；采用计算机辅助精子分析系统分析大鼠附睾精子活力和形态，在此基础上合并使用透射电镜技术对各组附睾尾部精子进行透射电镜分析，评价度他雄胺对大鼠精子成熟的影响；采用SYBR-14和propidium iodide双重荧光染色计算精子存活率；采用Elisa法测定大鼠睾酮(testosterone， T)和双氢睾酮(dihydrotestosterone， DHT)血清浓度，评价度他雄胺对雄鼠雄激素水平的影响；采用精密电子天平对各组睾丸、附睾、前列腺和精囊进行称重，评价度他雄胺对大鼠生殖器官重量的影响；采用HE染色法对各组睾丸和附睾进行组织学分析，同时采用透射电镜技术对附睾上皮细胞超微结构进行分析，评价度他雄胺对大鼠主要生殖器官组织学的影响。

Methos Color Dppler sonography was used to assess the changes of hernodynamics of 90 patients with acute scrotum The intra and exera-testicular blood flow were found to be either normd diminished; absent or increased The sensitively and specificy of CDS in the diagnosis of ten testicular torsion in which blood flow was completely deprive were 100%; five of them have violent sports The sensitivity specificity of CDS in the diagnosis of tesicular and epididymal inflammation in which blood flow were 86% and 100%.

应用彩色多普勒血流超声诊断仪对90例急性阴囊肿痛患者的睾丸、附睾进行检测。并观察睾丸、附睾的血流动力学改变情况。结果(1)无血流灌注10例，低血流灌注20例，高血流灌注43例，正常血流灌注17例；(2)睾丸扭转10例，睾丸炎及附睾炎50例，阴囊外伤30例。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。