附生

Results: The incidence of cryptorchidism of male offsprings in group C and D was 10.8% and 63.5% respectively. The organ/weight of cryptorchid testis and epididymis significantly decreased compared with the control. Abnormal pathological and micro-structural alternations of seminiferous epithelium and sertoli cells were also observed.

结果：C、D组雄仔鼠隐睾发生率为10.8%和63.5%；隐睾睾丸、附睾的脏器系数显著减轻；睾丸生精上皮萎缩，生精细胞层减少甚至消失，曲精小管体积减小；同时附睾管腔中精子缺如。

Lastly, sand and reef area were compared. Since reef areas has more suitable natural substratum than sand areas.

另外由较大的空间尺度来看，礁区与砂区为两个天然底质不同的区域，在这两个区域分别放置面积相同的附苗板时，由於礁区的天然底质数量较多，根据附苗强化效应，幼生在附苗板上的附苗密度应在砂区较高。

The intensification phenomenon at 1-meter scale was not found. The larval density in water column might be highly heterogeneous even in very small scale. On the other hand, we consistently found higher settlement density in sand areas than in reef areas. This phenomenon may well have been caused by the intensification

本研究结果在1公尺的空间尺度下并没有发现附苗强化现象，但是礁区的附苗密度却如预期低於砂区，推测可能是1公尺空间尺度内幼生数量过於不均匀，相差5倍的附苗板面积不足以造成幼生附苗密度的变异，而礁区与砂区则由於面积相差相当大因此可以发现附苗强化现象。

Juveniles prefer to settle on new substrates higher than old substrates and recruit densities decrease as plate age in Pocilloporidae, but an opposite pattern was found in Poritidae.

鹿角与微孔珊瑚幼生附苗对新、旧基质有选择性，鹿角珊瑚在新基质上附苗密度较高，且附苗密度随基质放置时间增加而下降；但微孔珊瑚与鹿角珊瑚相反，在旧基质上附苗密度较高，且附苗密度随基质放置时间增加而显著增加。

Nested ANOVA test showed the variance of GCPP mainly occurred among sites rather than within periphyton. Diatoms increased with the GCPP. There is a significant positive relation between the dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the water column and GCPP of periphyton.

GCPP的时空变化与底栖微藻在附生藻类生物量中所占比例和水体中的无机氮浓度有非常显著的正相关性，初步推测大鹏湾的GCPP可能是受到水体中氮的限制而有GCPP之时空变化。

The main fi ndings were i copper was strongly bound to organic layer and seemed to be the main pollutant in the ecosystem while zinc was the most mobile element and did not accumulate to any specifi c part of the ecosystem, ii the forest mosses and epiphytic lichens were the most sensitive plant species and the seedlings of the vascular plants that had survived near the smelter were absent, iii there was a highly resistant soil decomposer community near the smelter although the activity of the soil animals and microbiota was low and their community structure altered, iv many insect species also suffered from pollution although the adverse effects caused by forest pests increased with pollutant load, v the low survival rate and breeding success of hole-nesting passerines near the smelter was caused by habitat changes and the quality of food, vi the adverse effects seem to be to some extent reversible after decreased pollutant load or remediation actions.

主要fi ndings是i铜强烈一定到有机层数、并且似乎是主要污染物在生态系、当锌是最流动的元素，并且没有积累对生态系时的任何specifi c零件， ii森林青苔和附生植物地衣是含羞草种类，并且在精炼工附近生存了是缺席维管束植物的幼木， iii有一个高度抗性土壤decomposer社区在精炼工附近、虽然土壤动物和microbiota的活动是低的、并且他们的修改过的社区结构、iv许多昆虫种类也遭受污染、虽然森林造成的不利影响虫增加了与污染物装载、v孔嵌套雀形目鸟的低生存率和繁殖的成功在精炼工附近是由栖所变动造成的，并且食物的质量， vi不利影响似乎在某种程度上是双面布料在减少的污染物装载或治疗行动以后。

Histologically, the seminiferous tubules contained numerous Sertoli cells and more Sertoli-spermatozoa complexes, accompanied by the depletion of Leydig cells with deeply stained nuclei. Mature spermatozoa were stored up in the epididymis, but only a few in the efferent ducts. In the second place was testicular atrophy（32/120; 26.7%）. The seminiferous tubules showed moderate to severe inactivity of spermiogenesis with evidence of only spermatogonia, spermatocytes and Sertoli cells. The Leydig cells were obviously decreased in numbers associated with decrease of lipid droplets in their cytoplasms. Testicular hypoplasia was the third disorders（22/120; 18.3%）. Only a few spermatogonia and Sertoli cells appeared without any spermiogenesis. The associated changes was decreased in Leydig cells and fibrous hyperplasia in the interstitium.Epididymal stones were sometimes found（12/120; 10%）. Grossly, yellowish-white nodules with various sizes and firm in consistency were observed in the epididymis and the front efferent ducts. Microscopically, the epididymal ducts were dilated with voluminous spermatozoa storage, even showed calcification in severe cases. The deposited calcium salts were stained positively by Von Kossa and Alizarin red methods.Amyloidosis was also detected in 10 roosters（8.3%）. Eosinophilic, homogeneous, amyloid-like substances were deposited mainly in the testicular interstitium and the periphery of blood vessels. These substances showed positive reaction by Congo red staining. Five roosters（4.2%）had Marek's lesions in the testis, epididymis and peripheral nerves with infiltration of pleomorphic lymphocytes. Only one case showed epithelial necrosis of seminiferous tubules accompanied by fibrous proliferation in the interstitium.

结果发现，在总共搜集的120个病例中，其中因年老所导致的产精力不佳为最多，占38例（31.7%），於镜下可见大量精虫黏附於Sertoli cell的表面，并可见Sertoli cell数量明显增多而Leydig cell明显减少，且其细胞核呈现浓染的现象，而在其副睪中仍可见到成熟精虫蓄留於管腔中，但在其输精管内却只有少量精虫存在；其次为睪丸萎缩，占32例（26.7%），镜下可见中度至重度无造精作用，其生精小管中只见到精母细胞、精原细胞及Sertoli cell存在，但Leydig cell数量明显减少且其细胞质内的脂质也明显减少；睪丸发育不全，占22例（18.3%），於生精小管内只见到精母细胞及少量Sertoli cell存在，不见造精细胞分化，於生精小管间质可见Leydig cell减少并伴随结缔组织增生；副睪结石，占12例（10%），肉眼下可在副睪及输精管前段见到黄白色大小不一的结节，触感坚硬，於镜下可见副睪管扩张并有大量成熟精虫蓄积，严重时可见钙化现象，以Von Kossa及茜素红染色均呈阳性反应；类淀粉沉著症，占10例（8.3%），镜下在睪丸间质及血管周围可见粉红均质样的物质沉积，以刚果红染色成阳性反应；马立克病，占5例（4.2%），镜下可在睪丸、副睪实质及周边神经内均可见到嗜碱性大小不一的淋巴样细胞浸润；睪丸坏死，占1例（0.8%），镜下可见生精小管上皮细胞坏死脱落及间质结缔组织增生。

Small shrubs, usually epiphytic; calyx well-developed, lobes red or rosy-purple, rarely green; young shoots usually setose; corolla open-campanulate.

小的灌木，通常附生；花萼发育良好，裂片红色的或玫瑰红色紫色，很少绿色；幼枝通常具刚毛；花冠宽钟状。

The abundance of epiphytic algae on seagrasses, the result of interactions among many biotic and/or abiotic factors, can largely determine the impact intensity and the direction of the pros and cons.

海草叶片上的附生藻类负荷量很大程度上决定了其对海草影响的强度及利弊的方向，它是各种非生物因子及生物因子相互作用的结果。

Meanwhile, tree species in the upper canopy layer were more stable than that in the lower layers of the fragmented forest.

与连续森林比较，片断热带雨林的植物物种丰富度和物种多样性指数都比较低，而且有相当低比例的大高位芽、中高位芽和附生等生活型植物，而藤本、小高位芽和矮高位芽等生活型植物的比例则较高；泛热带、热带亚洲至热带非洲的区系成分比例较高，而当地成分则减少；群落的上层树木比下层树木更加稳定。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。