阿鲁沙

So far as the protection of pioneer investors is concerned, Resolution II of UNCLOS on Governing Preparatory Investment in Pioneer Activities Relating to Polymetallic Nodules (hereinafter referred as "Resolution II") stipulates relevant provisions, and the author orderly discusses the definition of pioneer investors, procedures of application and their rights and obligations. Concerning settlement of disputes on overlaps of mine sites, the Preparatory Commission for the International Sea Bed Authority and for the International Tribunal for the law of the Sea (hereinafter referred as "Preparatory Commission") had held series of meetings or sessions with states interested since 1983, and they had signed the 1984 General Understanding, the 1986 Arusha Understanding and New York Understanding, and the 1987 Midnight Agreement. As a result, such agreements had be settled overlapping disputes of mine sites between the first group of applicants and potential applicants.

关於「先驱投资者」之保护，公约《决议二》：「进行多金属结核开发活动之预备性投资」有相关规定，笔者分别就先驱投资者之意义、申请程序及其权利义务作说明；对於申请矿址重叠冲突之争端解决，「国际海床管理局与国际海洋法法庭筹备委员会」（本文简称为海床筹备委员会）於1983年召集各利害关系国举行一连串会议，并签署1984年《一般谅解》、1986年《阿鲁沙谅解》及《纽约谅解》与1987年《午夜协定》，解决「第一批申请者」及「潜在申请者」矿址重叠之问题，同时於1987年年底批准第一批申请者提出之申请，使其具「先驱投资者地位」。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。