阿拉伯酸

We investigated constituent of triterpenoid saponins ofAlbizzia, two new compounds together with two known compounds were isolated from Albizzia julibrissin Durazz. by using column chromatography (macroreticular resin, silica gel, Sephadex gel, reverse phase silica gel),preparative HPLC methods et al.On the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including IR,ESI-MS,~1H-NMR,~(13)C-NMR,HMBC,HMQC,~1H-~1HCOSY and chemical methods, the structure of two new compounds were identified as 3 - O -[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranosyl (1→6)-β- D -2- deoxy - 2 - acetoamidoglucopyranosyl] -21-O-[(6S)-2- trans- 2,6-dimethyl - 6 - O-β- D - quinovopyranosyl -2,7- octadienoyl] - acacic acid- 28 - O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)[α-L-arabinofuranosyl(1→4)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside acacic acid 3- O -β- D- glucopyranosy(1→3)-β- D- fucopyranosl(1→6) [β-D- xylopyranosyl (1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside ;two known compounds were acacic acid lactone 3- O -β-D- xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranosl (1→6)- 2-deoxy -2 -acetoamido -β-D- glucopyranoside ; acacic acid lactone 3- O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L- arabinopyranosl (1→6)- 2- deoxy - 2- acetoamido -β-D-glucopyranoside . The study lays chemical foundation and chemical reference substance for enhancing quality standard of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz.

本研究论文在综述国内外对合欢属Albizzia三萜皂苷化学成分和药理作用研究进展的基础上，利用传统植化分离手段和现代分离技术，包括大孔树脂、硅胶、葡聚糖凝胶、反相硅胶等柱色谱，制备高效液相色谱法等技术从中药合欢皮中分离得到了4个化合物，其中，2个新化合物和2个己知化合物，并进一步通过现代分析技术IR，ESI-MS，~1H-NMR，~(13C-NMR，HMBC，HMQC，~1H-~1HCOSY等和化学方法鉴定了2个新化合物的结构分别是：3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃夫糖基(1→6)-β-D-2-去氧-2-乙酰氨基吡喃葡萄糖基]-21-O-[(6S)-2-反式-2，6-二甲基-6-O-β-D-吡喃鸡纳糖基-2，7-辛二烯酸基]-金合欢酸-28-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖基(1→4)[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)]-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷，金合欢酸3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)-β-D-吡喃夫糖基(1→6)[β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷；2个已知化合物结构分别是：金和欢酸内酯3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃夫糖基(1→6)-β-D-2-去氧-2-乙酰氨基吡喃葡萄糖苷，金和欢酸内酯3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基(1→6)-β-D-2-去氧-2-乙酰氨基吡喃葡萄糖苷。

In batch cultures, glucose, xylose and arabinose in cornhusk dilute acid hydrolysate after detoxification were consumed by Actinobacillus succinogenes NJ113, when the total sugar concentration was 50 g/L in medium, the final succinic acid concentration of 34.2 g/L was obtained, resulting in a succinic acid yield of 0.68 g/g and a succinic acid productivity of 0.83 g/. When the total sugar concentration was 68.2 g/L in medium, the succinic acid concentration was 42.3g/L, the yield was 0.62g/g, and productivity was 0.98 g/.

经过脱毒处理后，产琥珀酸放线杆菌 NJ113均能利用水解液中的葡萄糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖，培养基总糖浓度为50 g/L时，丁二酸分批发酵的质量收率可达0.68 g/g，浓度可达34.2 g/L，生产强度达0.83 g/，总糖浓度为68.2 g/L时，丁二酸质量收率仍可达0.62 g/g，浓度42.3 g/L，生产强度0.98 g/。

These two isolates presented typical characteristics of Streptococcus iniae with gram-positive cocci in chains, catalase negative and beta-hemolytic, growth under 10℃ and non-growth up 45 ℃, hydrolyzation of esculin and arginine, Voges-Proskauer, urease, and hippurate tests negative, fermentation of glucose, salicin, sucrose and starch, non-fermentation of arabinose, inulin, lactose, melibiose, raffinose and sorbitol.

实验结果表明，两菌株具有典型的海豚链球菌特性：在显微镜下为球形细胞，呈长短不一的链状排列，革兰氏染色阳性：在血琼脂平板上显示β溶血；1O℃生长，45℃不生长；接触酶阴性；水解七叶苷、精氨酸，VP试验、脲酶和马脲酸试验阴性；发酵葡萄糖、水杨苷、蔗糖和淀粉，不发酵阿拉伯糖、菊糖、乳糖、蜜二糖、棉子糖和山梨醇等。

Dietary fiber components, including the Arab partners galactan, Araban, galactan, galactan acid.Arab xylan, xylose glucose glycoprotein, such as cellulose and lignin.

活性膳食纤维组成成分包括阿拉伯伴乳聚糖、阿拉伯聚糖、半乳聚糖、半乳聚糖醛酸、阿拉伯木聚糖、木糖葡萄糖、糖蛋白、纤维素和木质素等。

The compositions and FTIR spectral characteristics of hydrolysis product were studied using GC and FTIR. The results indicated that ASP3 is a kind of pectic polysaccharide which contained the main part of homogalacturonan fragments as "smooth regions" with galacturonic acid and rhaminose, and rhamnogalacturonan segments as "hairy regions" backbone. Galactose, arabinose, mannose and glucose were linked as arabinogalactan, galactan and arabinan, which were the mainly constitution of the branch.

实验结果表明，ASP3是一种果胶多糖，主要由光滑区和毛发区（富含中性糖侧链的鼠李半乳糖醛酸聚糖）两部分组成：GalA和Rha位于多糖分子的主链，由于Rha含量较低，大部分GalA相连形成半乳糖醛酸聚糖光滑区；Gal、Ara、Man及Glc位于多糖分子的支链，其中Gal以较高的聚合度与主链相连，Ara以还原性末端或低聚寡糖的形式与主链相连或与半乳聚糖末端相连形成阿拉伯半乳聚糖。

Wheat neoside A is apigenin 6-C-galactoside-8-C-(2'-sinapic acid acyl) arabinfuranoside; wheat neoside B is apigenin 6-C-(2'-sinapic acid acyl) arabinfuranoside-8-C- galactoside.

小麦新苷A为芹菜素-6-C-半乳糖苷-8-C-(2'-芥子酸酰基)阿拉伯糖苷；小麦新苷B为芹菜素-6-C-(2'-芥子酸酰基)阿拉伯糖苷-8-C-半乳糖苷。

Saponin composition of common sugar glucose, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose and glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, etc., are often associated with C3 Sapogenins-OH-bit connection into effect.

组成皂甙的糖常见的有葡萄糖、半乳糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖及葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸等，常与皂甙元C3位的-OH连接成甙。

On the basis of spectral analysis, these compounds were identified as Kaempferol , Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside , Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, Quercetin , Quercetin-3-O-β-D-arabinopyranoside, Quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, gallic acid, methyl gallate-4-O-β-D- galactopyranoside, caffeicacid, methyl caffeate, 4-cafeoyl-(3"a, 4"a, 5"β)- trihydroxyquinic acid, 3"-cafeoyl-(3"a, 4"P, 5"P )-trihydroxyquinic acid methyl ester, 5"-cafeoyl-galactonic acid , pumiloside, loganic acid , 5R,6S,7E-megastima-3-on-7-en-9-ol 9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. 2a, 3β-dihydroxy-oleanoic acid , 2a, 3β, 23-trihydroxy-oleanoic acid, 3a, 6a-dihydroxy-oleanoic acid, 3β-hydroxy-ursoic acid, 2a, 3a, 23-trihydroxy-ursoic acid , 2a, 3β, 23-trihydroxy-ursoic acid, 2β, 3β, 19a -trihydroxy-ursoic acid, 2a , 3β, 19a -trihydroxy-ursoic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside , 2a. 3a, 19a-trihydroxy-ursoic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 2a, 3a, 19a, 23-tetrahydroxy-ursoic acid, 1a, 3a, 19a, 23-tetrahydroxy-ursoic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside , 3a, 19a, 23-trihydroxy-ursoic acid.

从珙桐中分离鉴定得到了28种化合物，它们分别是：山奈酚，3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-山奈酚甙，3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基-山奈酚甙，槲皮素，3-O-β-D-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-槲皮素甙，3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基-槲皮素甙，没食子酸，4-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基-没食子酸甲酯，咖啡酸，咖啡酸甲酯，4-咖啡酰基-(3&α，4&α，5&β)-三羟基鸡纳酸，4-咖啡酰基-(3&α，4&β，5&β)-三羟基鸡纳酸甲酯，5'-咖啡酰基-半乳糖酸，pumiloside，loganic acid，5R，6S，7E-megastima-3-on-7-en-9-ol9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside，2α，3β-二羟基齐墩果酸，2α，3β，23-三羟基齐墩果酸，3α，6α-二羟基齐墩果酸，3β-羟基熊果酸，2α，3α，23-三羟基熊果酸，2α，3β，23-三羟基熊果酸，2β，3β，19α-三羟基熊果酸，2β，3β，19α-三羟基熊果酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙，2α，3α，19α-三羟基熊果酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基甙，2α，3α，19α，23-四羟基熊果酸，2α，3α，19α，23-四羟基熊果酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基甙，3α，19α，23-三羟基熊果酸。

By means of GPC,IR,GC-MS,~(13)CNMR,~1HNMR,Methylation analysisetc,structural properties of PST-1 were identified as follows:The Mwof PST-1 was 3.44×10~6 Da and its optical rotation was _D~(20)=+0.110°(c0.1, H_2O); PST-1 constituted 8 simple sugars and the molar ratio was 2,4-Dimethoxy-Mannose:Rhamnose:Ara-binose:Xylose:Galactose:D-Galacturonic acid:Mannose:D-glucuronic acid=2%:5%:24%:9%:3%:1%:46%:10%;The chief bone of PST-1 was 1,3,6-linked-β-D-Man residue and the side chains contained Furanoid and Pyranoid residues.

结合GPC、旋光度测定、IR、GC-MS、~(13)CNMR、~1HNMR、高碘酸氧化法、Smith降解以及甲基化方法等分析测试方法，得到PST-1的单糖组成及结构表征，实验结果如下：红豆杉多糖PST-1是重均分子量为3.44×10~6 Da的支链多糖，旋光度为20D=+0.110~0(c0.1，H_2O)；PST-1单糖组成为：2，4-Dimethoxy-Mannose：Rhamnose：Arabinose：Xylose：Galactose：D-Galacturonic acid：Mannose：D-glucuronic acid=2％：5％：24％：9％：3％：1％：46％：10％；PST-1的骨架结构为：具有1，3，6-连接的β-D-甘露糖残基骨架，侧链分枝包括非还原末端的呋喃型α-L-阿拉伯糖残基、吡喃型α-L-阿拉伯糖残基、β-D-木糖残基、β-D-甘露糖残基、2，4-二氧甲基-β-D-甘露糖残基和α-D-葡萄糖醛酸残基；侧链的糖残基也可能存在2，5-二氧-取代呋喃型α-L-阿拉伯糖基、3-氧-取代的β-D-木糖残基、6-氧-取代的α-D-半乳糖醛酸残基、6-氧-取代的α-D-半乳糖残基、4-氧-取代的α-D-葡萄糖醛酸残基和2-氧-取代的α-L-鼠李糖残基，同时后者也可能穿插在主链上。

Ethambutol is a first-line drug used for antituberculosis therapy. It is often used in combination with isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin. The action of EMB in antituberculosis mechanism is the destruction of cell wall of tubercle bacilli via binding the target molecule -- arabinosyl transferases. These enzymes are involved in the polymerization of the cell wall arabinan. Inhibition of arabinan synthesis by EMB results in the accumulation of mycolic acids, leading to cell death.The EMB-resistance of MTB is involved with the mutation of emb operon or the over expression of emb operon.

乙胺丁醇是和异烟肼、利福平、链霉素、吡嗪酰胺联合治疗结核病的一线抗结核药物，EMB对结核分枝杆菌的作用机制与分枝杆菌胞壁结构破坏有关，主要作用于靶分子阿拉伯糖基转移酶，抑制了阿拉伯糖基聚合入阿拉伯半乳聚糖，从而影响细胞壁分枝菌酸-阿拉伯半乳聚糖-肽聚糖复合物的形成，导致菌细胞的死亡。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失