阿拉伯的

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

We are then transported, with no transition to Egypt, where an ensemble performs an Arabic-sounding, vivacious melody on love, in Arabic (I could not tell if this was pure or a mixture of Arabic and Romany), with a ghazi ya dan

于是，我们被放逐，不经过渡来到了埃及，这时所有人用阿拉伯语（我不知道是纯粹的阿拉伯语还是交织在一起的阿拉伯语和吉普赛语）合唱出欢快悦耳的阿拉伯风情的爱意，一个阿拉伯少女盅惑而热烈地舞着。

We are then transported, with no transition to Egypt, where an ensemble performs an Arabic-sounding, vivacious melody on love, in Arabic (I could not tell if this was pure or a mixture of Arabic and Romany ), with a ghaziya dancer moving rather sexily.

于是，我们被放逐，不经过渡来到了埃及，这时所有人用阿拉伯语（我不知道是纯粹的阿拉伯语还是交织在一起的阿拉伯语和吉普赛语）合唱出欢快悦耳的阿拉伯风情的爱意，一个阿拉伯少女盅惑而热烈地舞着。

The Bush era had produced a dramatic decline in America's global image, with anti-Americanism taking root around the world, from European capitals to the Arab street. In October 2008 only about 10% of Americans thought that the country was on the right track.

布什的年代已经使美国的全球形象跌入谷底，从欧洲的首都城市到阿拉伯的街巷，反美情绪已经在全球扎根。2008年10月份仅有大约10%的美国人认为自己的国家走在正确的道路上前进。

It was, however, one of St. Thomas's greatest achievements in philosophy that, especially in his opusculum "De unitate intellectus", he refuted the Arabian interpretation of Aristotle, showed that the active intellect is part of the individual soul, and thus removed the uncertainty which, for the Aristoteleans, hung around the notions of immateriality and immortality.

然而，它的其中一个圣托马斯的最大成就在哲学，尤其是在他的小品&时点unitate intellectus &，他驳斥了阿拉伯的解释，亚里士多德，表明积极的理智的一部分，个人的灵魂，从而取消了不明朗因素，为aristoteleans ，红周围的概念immateriality和永生。

Soon he was named President Franklin Roosevelt's emissary to King Abdel Aziz of Saudi Arabia, Prince Bandar's grandfather. In 1945 he shepherded the battle-scarred old king and his entourage to an historic meeting with FDR on a ship in the Suez canal.

不久他便受到富兰克林·罗斯福总统的委派出使沙特阿拉伯的阿卜杜勒·阿齐兹国王。1945年，在他的引领和策划下促成了这位身经百战的老国王以及他的随从与罗斯福总统在苏伊士运河的一条船上的历史性会面。

Harry Truman, Doris Day, Red China, Johnnie Ray South Pacific, Walter Winchell, Joe DiMaggio Joe McCarthy, Richard Nixon, Studebaker, television North Korea, South Korea, Marilyn Monroe Rosenbergs, H-bomb, Sugar Ray, Panmunjom Brando,"The King and I" and "The Catcher in the Rye" Eisenhower, vaccine, England's got a new queen Marciano, Liberace, Santayana goodbye CHORUS We didn't start the fire It was always burning Since the world's been turning We didn't start the fire No we didn't light it But we tried to fight it Joseph Stalin, Malenkov, Nasser aand Prokofiev Rockefeller, Campanella, Communist Bloc Joel Billy Roy Con, Juan Peron, Toscanini, dacron Dien Bien Phu falls,"Rock Around the Clock" Einstein, James Dean, Brooklyn's got a winning team Davy Crockett, Peter Pan, Elvis Presley, Disneyland Bardot, Budapest, Alabama, Krushchev Princess Grace,"Peyton Place", trouble in the Suez CHORUS Little Rock, Pasternak, Mickey Mantle, Kerouac Sputnik, Chou En-Lai,"Bridge on the River Kwai" Lebanon, Charlse de Gaulle, California baseball Starkweather, homicide, children of thalidomide Buddy Holly,"Ben Hur", space monkey, Mafia Hula hoops, Castro, Edsel is a no-go U-2, Syngman Rhee, payola and Kennedy Chubby Checker,"Psycho", Belgians in the Congo CHORUS Hemingway, Eichmann,"Stranger in a Strange Land" Dylan, Berlin, Bay of Pigs invasion "Lawrence of Arabia", British Beatlemania Ole Miss, John Glenn, Liston beats Patterson Pope Paul, Malcolm X, British politician sex JFK, blown away, what else do I have to say CHORUS Birth control, Ho Chi Minh, Richard Nixon back again Moonshot, Woodstock, Watergate, punk rock Begin, Reagan, Palestine, terror on the airline Ayatollah's in Iran, Russians in Afghanistan "Wheel of Fortune", Sally Ride, heavy metal, suicide Foreign debts, homeless vets, AIDS, crack, Bernie Goetz Hypodermics on the shores, China's under martial law Rock and roller cola wars, I can't take it anymore CHORUS We didn't start the fire But when we are gone Will it still burn on, and on, and on, and on...

杜鲁门，多一天，中国红十字会，尊尼线南太平洋，沃尔特温切尔，迪马乔乔麦卡锡，尼克松，史蒂倍，电视朝鲜，韩国，玛丽莲梦露 Rosenbergs ，氢弹，罗宾森，板门店白兰度，&国王与我&和&麦田里的守望者&艾森豪威尔，疫苗，英格兰有一个新的女王马西亚诺， Liberace ，桑塔亚那再见合唱我们没有启动火灾这是永远燃烧由于世界上已转折点我们没有启动火灾没有我们没有根据它但是，我们试图斗争斯大林，马林科夫，纳赛尔aand普罗科菲耶夫洛克菲勒，康帕内拉，共产主义集团乔尔比利罗伊节能，胡安庇隆，托斯卡尼尼，涤纶奠边府瀑布&，着时钟摇滚乐&爱因斯坦，詹姆斯狄恩，布鲁克林了冠军队戴维克罗克特，彼得潘，埃尔维斯普雷斯利，迪士尼乐园芭铎，布达佩斯，阿拉巴马州， Krushchev 格雷斯公主，&冷暖人间&，麻烦在苏伊士合唱小石城，帕斯捷尔纳克，米老鼠地幔，凯鲁亚克人造地球卫星，周恩来，&桂河大桥&黎巴嫩，戴高乐Charlse ，加州棒球斯塔克，凶杀，儿童的酞胺哌啶酮好友霍利&，本宾虚&，太空猴，黑手党呼啦圈，卡斯特罗，埃德塞尔是一个没有去 U - 2型，李承晚， payola和肯尼迪查检查，&心理&，比利时人在刚果合唱海明威，艾希曼，&陌生人在一个陌生的土地&迪伦，柏林，猪湾入侵&阿拉伯的劳伦斯&，英国披头士狂热奥勒小姐，约翰格伦，利斯顿节拍帕特森教皇保罗，马尔科姆X ，英国政治家性别肯尼迪国际机场，炸毁，还有什么我必须说合唱节育，胡志明，尼克松再次 Moonshot ，伍德斯托克，水，朋克摇滚首先，里根，巴勒斯坦，恐怖航空公司阿亚图拉的伊朗，俄罗斯在阿富汗&命运之轮&，萨莉赖德，重金属，自杀外债，无家可归的老兵，艾滋病，裂纹，伯尼戈茨 Hypodermics的海岸，中国的戒严岩石和轮滑可乐的战争，我不能考虑它了合唱我们没有启动火灾但是，当我们已经一去不复返将它仍然烧伤，以及，以及，以及

The existence of outer power stayed in Arab world destroys union of geography, society, economy, culture and spirits of Arab world, separates the connection of different regions, obstacles development of Arab unity movement which is thought to be outer factors. However, deeper reasons should be found in inner world. Inner reasons include that political structure of Arab world and deeply dispute weakens the base of Pan-Arabism movement. In local region, the thoughts of Religious Minorities and Sectarianism deny and destroy Arab nationalism movement and its premise-the sincerity of country. Some non-Arab nations pursuit the unity of theirs own not the whole Arab nations. Regional Nationalism and Islamism obstacle the development of Pan-Arab unity movement Weak sovereignty of Arab countries and diverse political rules weaken the political base of movement of Pan-Arab unity. Unbalance of economy, culture and base of society between different regions also lag the unified movement.

内因包括：阿拉伯世界的政治结构和王朝间的利益纷争削弱了泛阿拉伯统一运动的群众基础和民族基础；在局部地区，宗教少数派及其宗派主义思想不断地否定和破坏阿拉伯民族主义运动及其前提——对祖国的忠诚；阿拉伯世界中一些非阿拉伯民族的独立诉求挑战地区的统一；地区民族主义和伊斯兰主义阻碍了泛阿拉伯统一运动的开展；孱弱的国家主权限制了阿拉伯国家在民族事务上的能动性，而多样的政治体制则削弱了泛阿拉伯统一的政治建构基础；阿拉伯各地区或国家间经济、文化和社会发展的不平衡以及整体上的滞后削弱了泛阿拉伯统一运动的经济、文化和社会基础，等等。

For Pan-Arabism - Palestine problem, Palestine war declares the defeat of power solution and foretells the exclusive choice of peaceful negotiation; Sixthly, Arab nationalism movement helps and encourages liberation war of oppressed nations in some degree. Failure of union movement of early Pan-Arabism is the results of influence of inner and outer factors.

盘踞在阿拉伯世界的外来势力破坏了阿拉伯世界地理、社会、经济、文化和精神上的统一，割裂了阿拉伯世界各地区之间的联系，阻碍了阿拉伯统一运动的发展，这可视之为外因，但是深层次的原因还要从阿拉伯内部找寻。

They are: Idi Amin, of Uganda, now enjoying life as a guest of the Saudis; Jean-B del Bokassa, of the Central African Republic, known to the people of that country as the Ogre of Berengo; Wojciech Jaruzelski, the Soviets' Polish puppet; Nexhmije Hoxha, who (with, until his death, her husband, Enver) ruled Albania for nearly fifty years; Jean-Claude Duvalier, who got run out of Haiti in 1986; Mengitsu Haile Mariam, the Marxist-Leninist dictator of Ethiopia; and Mira Markovic, the wife of Slobodan Milosevic, who is currently on trial in The Hague for crimes against humanity.

他们是：乌干达的阿迪·阿明，现在作为沙特阿拉伯的客人依然在享受生活；中非共和国的让-贝德尔·博卡萨（Jean-B del Bokassa），以&食人的皇帝&而著称于这个国家的人民；沃依切赫·雅鲁泽尔斯基，苏联在波兰的傀儡；涅奇米叶·霍查，她统治了阿尔巴尼亚近五十年的时间；让-克劳德·杜瓦利埃(Jean-Claude Duvalier)，1986年出逃海地；门格斯图·海尔·马里亚姆，埃塞俄比亚的马列主义独裁者；和米娜·马尔科维奇，目前因为反人类罪被海牙法庭审判的斯洛博丹·米洛舍维奇的妻子。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失