阻断剂

Objective To investigate the effects of nonselective beta-adrenoceptor and selective alpha1-adrenoceptor blocker Carvedilol on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis of rats.

目的 研究非选择性β受体阻断剂和α-1受体阻滞剂卡维地洛对抗大鼠肝纤维化的作用及机理。

Experiments have been done in isolated perfused beating left rabbit atria. ANP was measured by radioimmunoassay in the atrial perfusate in real-time base.

利用SR激活剂和阻断剂，采用搏动的离体心房灌流模型及放射免疫技术观察SR释放Ca(上标 2+)对家兔心房ANP分泌的变化。

The effects of Ca(superscript 2+) on seed germination promoted by γ-aminobutyric acid in Trifolium repens were investigated.

以白三叶为材料，研究了Ca(上标 2+)螯合剂、通道阻断剂以及通道抑制剂对γ-氨基丁酸促进种子萌发的影响。

METHODS: NE has been shown to be a potent stimulator for neonatal rat ventricular myocyte hypertrophy in vitro. We used the activator of PPAR γ, the inhibitor of protein kinase C chelerythrine to influence protein content.3H?

在培养新生大鼠心肌细胞中，采用RSG，PKC的激动剂佛波醇酯，NE和PKC的阻断剂白屈菜季氨碱观察罗格列酮在NE和PMA诱导心肌肥大中对PKC活性和c？

Changes in the peak amplitude and frequency of integrated phrenic nerve discharge were recorded.

在NA处分别微量注射P2X受体的激动剂三磷酸腺苷和阻断剂磷酸吡哆醛，观察这些药物对急性低氧呼吸的影响。

The associated factors, clinical signs, treatment and prognosis were discussed. Result: Nine patients (6 female and 3 male) were included in this study. All of the patients were associated with myopia, ranging from -0.5 diopters to -5.0D. Gonioscopy revealed a dense homogeneous pigmented band seen over the entire circumference of the trabecular meshwork in all patients; however, no patients with iris transillumination defects were detected. Two of the patients developed pigmentary glaucoma and were treated with β-blocker, miotics and argon laser trabeculoplasty.

结果：九病例中有六位女性及三位男性，所有的病例皆有近视，分布於负零点五至负五点零屈光度，所有的病例在隅角镜检查皆可观察到浓厚的色素沈积在小梁组织，然而在这些病例并没有发现到有典型之虹膜透光缺损：其中有两例后来发展成色素性青光眼，以乙型阻断剂、缩瞳剂和氩氮雷射小梁整形术治疗后，病情控制稳定。

Compare the lung injury extent and the important physiological parameters to determine the optimal condition for rabbit ventilator induced lung injury, Choosing another 24 new Zealand rabbit, randomly divided into 4 groups:(1)conventional ventilation+PEEP group;(2)ventilator induced lung injury group: employ the experimental condition determined by the first part experiment;(3)VILI+HO-1 inducer hemin group:pre-treated with HO-1 inducer, the ventilation method is the same with VILI group;(4)VILI+HO-1 inhibitor Zn-PP group(Zn-PP group):pre-treated with HO-1 inhibitor, the ventilation condition is the same with VILI group.

第二部分24只家兔随机分为4组：(1)常规潮气量+PEEP组；(2)呼吸机所致肺损伤组：使用实验第一部分确定的最适条件；(3)呼吸机所致肺损伤+HO-1诱导剂干预组：预先给予氯铁血红素，通气条件同VILI组；(4)呼吸机所致肺损伤+HO-1阻断剂干预组：预先给予锌原卟啉，通气条件同VILI组。

In the electrophysiological study in vivo, it was observed that the weak EA could depress the nociceptive responses of spinal dorsal horn neu- rones, which might be blocked by P1—purinergic receptor antagonists.

在横断脊髓的大鼠上用电生理学方法进一步观察到，弱电针也可抑制髓背角广动力型神经元的伤害性反应，弱电针的这种效应也可被腺苷受体阻断剂所阻断，说明嘌呤类在脊髓水平参与弱电针镇痛。

The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

By pretreatment with ruthenium red (RR, 100 1 μmol/L), an antagonist of vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (VR1), the above effects of CAP on carotid baroreflex were abolished.

2用香草酸受体亚型(vanilloid receptor subtype 1， VR1)阻断剂钌红(ruthenium red， 100 μmol/L)预处理后，CAP的上述反射效应即被阻断。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。