阶数

Assuming slow time variation (for large λ), expand in the powers of the time derivative

假 设时间是慢变的（对大λ，以时间导数的指数形式展开至最低阶，结果便是描述自旋1/2的单位矢量n的路径积

In the improved algorithm, the computation of three-order time derivative is replaced by convolution approximate calculation, which simplifies the computation process and reduces computation amount, and is high effective and robust.

改进算法用褶积近似运算代替时间3阶导数的求解，因此简化了计算过程，减少了计算量，是一种高效稳健的算法。

In addition, the approach is able to avoid the requirement of the upper bound of the first time derivative of the control gain, which is assumed to be known a priori in some of the existing adaptive fuzzy/neural network control schemes.

该方案能够避免现有的一些自适应模糊/神经网络控制器设计中对控制增益一阶导数上界的要求。

This algorithm carries on two value imagery processing in the difference foundation, according to the human body statistical characteristic, proposed through the judgment projection curve second time derivative size, determines the human face boundary the method.

该算法在差分的基础上进行二值图像处理，根据人体的统计特征，提出通过判断投影曲线的二阶导数大小，来确定人脸边界的方法。

The linear combination of the error and its derivative are selected as switch surface, and then the tendency law method is used to design VSC control law. T-S FNN is imported, so that the actual output can trail the given value.

选择误差及其各阶导数的线性集结作为切换面，用趋近律方法设计变结构控制律，引入T-S模糊神经网络，使实际输出始终跟踪给定值。

In the case that the oscillation factor isn't sign reversal and neutral factor is p, by discussing the sign of the neutral term's first derivative and using Holder inequality the oscillation conditions of the all solutions of this kind of equation are studied, three sufficient theories that all solutions of the equation oscillate are obtained.

在振动因子q保号、中立型因子p的情况下，通过对中立型项一阶导数符号的讨论，根据Holder不等式，研究了该类方程的解振动的条件，得到了所研究方程所有解振动的三个充分性定理，所得结论是对该类问题已有结论的进一步完善和推广。

Three methods to build soft-sensor model of Radial Basis Function neural network (K-means clustering algorithm, mixed Genetic Algorithm, mixed hierarchical Genetic Algorithm) is investigated and verified in simulation.In the condition of setting hidden layer's node numbers, K-means clustering algorithm and mixed Genetic Algorithm can satisfy online prediction of component content.

研究了三种建立RBF网络软测量模型方法(K-均值聚类算法、混合遗传算法、混合递阶遗传算法)，并进行仿真试验验证。K-均值聚类算法与混合遗传算法在预先设定隐含层节点数的情况下能满足组分含量在线估计。

We discuss a class of second order self-adjoint matrix differential systems with damping term and self-adjoint Hamiltonian matrix differential systems, etc.

在第五、六章中，考虑一类线性泛函g和一类对s偏导数不一定非正的Hk型函数，分别研究了自伴的带有阻尼项的二阶矩阵微分系统和自共轭的Hamilton矩阵微分系统。

On the basis of analyzing the theory of the modeling of the propeller surface, this paper transforms the section data given by design to the data in Descartes coordinates. Interpolates the section data to get enough data and fits the blade surface with the least square method. A perfect C2 blade surface can be obtained by adjusting the deviation weight and fairing weight. According to the cylinder rough, two rough cut methods are preferred.

本论文在深入分析螺旋桨曲面成型原理的基础上，将设计时给定的桨叶曲面的切面数据转化为笛卡尔坐标系中的坐标，利用B样条方法对截面数据点插值并加密，得到足够的数据点，进而利用最小二乘法拟合出桨叶曲面，通过调整偏离权和光顺权得到了理想的二阶连续的桨叶曲面。

It is shown that it is difficulty to differentiate each vegetation type among sub-tropical evergreen forest, sub-tropical coniferous forest and sub-tropical deciduous forest because of the mixture of their tree spectra. According to the reflection index in the wavelengths of 750 nm to 1 100 nm, the tree species can be divided into 4 groups with descend in reflectivity. Each tree specie can be differentiated from each other according to its slope of the spectrum curve and its reflection index in the wavelengths of 770 nm to 1 010 nm for each forest vegetation type. The unique first order derivative feature can be used to identify litsea, alder, fir, red birch, southwest birch, large schima confertiflora, taiwania flousian and small leaf schima confertiflora.

研究表明：亚热带常绿阔叶林、亚热带针叶林和亚热带落叶阔叶林等植被类型，因其树种间光谱特征混淆严重，而难以彼此区分；根据其反射率在750~1 100 nm范围上的差异，可将其归为4类；就各植被类型而言，其树种间在光谱曲线坡度，以及在770~1 010 nm范围上具有显著差异，可据此将其区分；木姜子、桤木、杉木、红桦、大叶木荷、秃杉和小叶木荷等因具有独特的光谱一阶导数特征，据此可以识别提取。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。