阶

Then the distributed sources models of one order approximation model, twoorders approximation model, spatial frequency model and low order JA seriesexpansion model are compared with respect to the model accuracy.

随后将分布源的一阶近似模型、二阶近似模型、空间频率模型和低阶JA级数展开模型的模型精度进行了比较。

Computer simulations validate the performance of these algorithms. And the model error of low order approximation distributed sources model, spatial frequency distributed sources model and Jocabi-Anger series expansion distributed sources model are discussed.

通过计算机仿真，验证了低阶近似分布源模型方位估计算法的性能，并且研究了分布源的低阶近似模型、空间频率模型和低阶Jacobi-Anger级数展开模型的模型误差。

To deal with the problem,a reduced order model based on time-domain proper orthogonal decomposition is investigated.

为了对主动控制系统设计提供高效高精度状态空间模型，研究了气动弹性系统的时域正则正交分解/降阶模型方法，并引入平衡截断技术进一步降低时域POD/ROM的阶数，从而有效克服了时域POD/ROM阶数过高的缺点。

In this paper,based on an improved orthogonal expansion in an clement , using the new idea of Ref.[3] ,a new error expression of n-degree Hermite finite element approximation to one-dimensional 4-degrec 2-point bounded problem and 2-degree ordinary differential problem, and then optimal order superconvergence for their first derivatives is obtained.

本文针对在改进的单元正交性估计的基础上，利用文[3]提出的新想法，得到一维四阶两点边值问题和二阶常微初值问题的n次赫米特有限元u_h∈C~1的新误差估计式，以及导数误差的最佳阶超收敛，并且两者有相同的超收敛结果。

The orthogonal polynomials order of effective waves is confirmed according to the energy variation with order increasing. This method can not only attenuate the noise but also preserve the AVO properties.

相对于固定阶次的基于正交多项式变换压制噪声的方法，所提出的方法根据能量随阶次变化的规律，自适应确定表达有效信号的正交多项式阶次，既提高了信号和噪声的分离效果，又有效地保护了地震信号中的AVO信息。

With differential geometry knowledge, the local characters of the blade surface are analyzed. Based on researching the cylindrical cutters osculating location, the methods to calculate the osculating location of the conic cutter and the torus cutter are discussed. A method of tool path planning based on the second order osculating method is preferred.

利用微分几何学知识，分析了螺旋桨桨叶曲面的局部特征，在研究圆柱刀二阶密切法规划刀位的基础上，探讨了圆锥刀和圆环刀的二阶密切刀位计算方法，采用二阶密切法规划刀位可以显著地提高加工精度。

Taking HPAM solutions as an example, the unsteady flow of power-law fluid in eccentric annuli with the inner cylinder reciprocating axially is calculated; the distribution of velocity, flow rate and stability parameter is obtained; taking HEC solutions as another example, the flow of second order fluid in eccentric annuli with the inner cylinder moving axially is calculated too; the distribution of velocity and stress is obtained; the effect of eccentricity and axial movement on stress distribution on the outwall of the inner cylinder is analysed.

在理论上，分别用二阶流体和幂律流体模型描述聚合物驱油井产出液的非Newton流变性；分别建立了双极坐标系下二阶流体和幂律流体在内管做轴向往复运动的偏心环空中非定常流的控制方程及边界条件和初始条件方程；建立了幂律流体在内管做轴向往复运动的偏心环空中流动的稳定性参数和流体在内管壁上的压力分布计算公式；建立了二阶流体在内管做轴向运动的偏心环空中流动的流体在内管壁上的压力分布计算公式。

B Over a two-level overcall: lebensohl applies, with "fast denies stopper" for cue-bid and three-notrump direct responses versus responder's rebids following a two-notrump response.

b敌方二阶插叫之后：使用lebensohl [2NT为傀儡到3 且应叫者低于三阶敌方花色的再叫为不逼叫；低于三阶敌方花色的直接叫牌为逼叫]，使用"快速否认挡张"叫法且直接扣叫及直接3NT相对于先叫2NT之后再扣叫及3NT。

Instead of the empirical direct substitution method used in former harmonic ex- pansion method for the generation of perturbation base function s,a more rigorous 1~or- der perturbation method was proposed to generate the perturbation base function s.

针对文献提出的用于换料方案快速评价的低阶谐波展开法，提出用一阶微扰方法来替代原先经验性的扰动基函数产生方法，从而使低阶谐波展开法的理论更完善、适用性更广、精度更高。

For organizing vegetation submodel, started with the bottom-up gateway to agglomerate plot-data. The vegetation types must be confirmed before predictive vegetation mapping, therefore designed a transforming program to combine 585 plot-data from different surveys for the purpose. But the result of the classification and ordination of the combined plot-data couldn't display comprehensive vegetation types of Taiwan, because the plots were insufficient and disproportionate. Consequently, this study adopted the top-down gateway to divisive vegetation. After referring to Taiwan and east-Asia vegetation research papers and American national vegetation classification system etc., the physiognomic classification scheme of Taiwan had been drafted as vegetation submodel. The scheme included 4 levels: 2 classes, 5subclasses (subarctic, coldtemperate, cooltemperate, warmtemperate, subtropical), 8 groups (based on phenology and types of predominant leaf) and 16 formations (based on moisture regime and predominant taxa). And, the scheme dealt completely with the diverse nomenclatures of vegetation types in the past.

为建立植群亚模型，首先依「整合大量样区资料，由下而上的低阶植相聚类」之途径，设计建档程序及转档程式，成功整并不同来源之585个样区资料，但因样区数目不足且分布不均，分析结果未能显示出台湾完整的植群类型；故转循「预先设定植群类型，由上而下的高阶形相分类」之途径，经参考他国植群分类系统及台湾、东亚植群分类研究报告，订定分类原则及架构，提出4阶层之潜在植群形相分类方案：(1)寒原、森林2类群系纲；(2)亚寒带、冷温带、凉温带、暖温带、亚热带5类群系亚纲；(3) 8类群系组表徵优势植群之叶片的物候与形态；(4) 16类群系说明其水分境制及优势分类群；此方案统一处理了过去各种有关植群划分之纷岐名制，方案之各阶植群类型亦即本研究之植群亚模型。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。